PEDRO DE MAGALHÃES DE GANDAVO, of Braga, whose _Regras_ (1574) ran into three editions before the end of the century, described Brazil and its discovery in two short works: _Historia da prouincia Sãcta Cruz_ (1576) and _Tratado da terra do Brazil_ first published in 1826 in the _Collecção de Noticias_. This collection also prints works of the following century, such as the _Fatalidade historica da Ilha de Ceilão_[478] by Captain JOÃO RIBEIRO, who had served the king as a soldier for eighteen years in the _preciosa ilha de Ceilão_. His manuscript, written in 1685, was translated and published in French (1701) 135 years before it was printed in Portuguese. Gandavo’s _Historia_ (48 ff.), his first work (_premicias_), was introduced by _tercetos_ and a sonnet of Luis de Camões, who speaks of his _claro estilo_, and _engenho curioso_. The author himself in a prefatory letter says that he writes as an eyewitness, content with a ‘plain and easy style’ without seeking _epithetos exquisitos_. The Jesuit BALTHASAR TELLEZ[479] (1595-1675) won considerable fame as an historian and prose-writer in his _Cronica da Companhia de Iesus_ (2 pts., 1645, 1647) in which he forswears what he calls the artifices and liberties of ordinary _seiscentista_ prose. He also edited the work of the Jesuit missionary MANUEL DE ALMEIDA (1580-1646), recasting it in an abbreviated form: _Historia Geral da Ethiopia a Alta ov Preste Ioam_ (1660), for which Tellez’ friend, Mello, provided a prefatory letter. Almeida, born at Viseu, had gone to India in 1601 and in 1622 was sent to Ethiopia, where he became the head of the mission. He died at Goa after a life of much hard work and various adventure. In writing his history of Ethiopia he made use of the _Historia da Ethiopia_ of an earlier (1603-19) head of the mission, PEDRO PAEZ (1564-1622), who had started for Ethiopia in 1595 but was captured by the Turks and only ransomed in 1602. Although a Spaniard by birth (born at Olmeda), Paez wrote in Portuguese. A third Jesuit missionary, MANUEL BARRADAS, born in 1572 at Monforte, who went to India in 1612, was also a prisoner of the Turks for over a year at Aden. In 1624 he went to _Ethiope, terre maldite_, and remained there some ten years. Of his three treatises the most important is that entitled _Do Reyno de Tygrê e seus mandos em Ethiopia_. The modern editor of these works, P. Camillo Beccari, considers that their authors’ simple style caused their treatises to be regarded rather as the material of history than in themselves history,[480] but their value for us is in this very simplicity and in the detailed observation which bring the country and its inhabitants clearly before us. Scarcely less important, as material for history and as human documents, are the _Cartas_ from Jesuits in China and Japan, especially the collection of 82 letters (Coimbra, 1570), and that of 206 letters (Evora, 1598). The Jesuit FERNAM CARDIM at about the same