_Xogos Froraes_ of 1861--Añon--Posada--Camino--Rosalía de Castro--Lamas Carvajal--Sr. Bárcia Caballero--Losada--Eduardo Pondal--Curros Enriquez--Martelo Pauman--Pereira--Garcia Ferreiro--Núñez González--Nun de Allariz--Sr. Rodríguez González--Sr. López Abente--Sr. Noriega Varela--Sr. Cabanillas--Sr. Rey Soto--_Cancionero Popular Gallego_--Prose--Pérez Placer--Dª. Francisca Herrera. INTRODUCTION Portuguese literature may be said to belong largely to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Europe can boast of no fresher and more charming early lyrics than those which slept forgotten[1] in the Vatican Library until the late Professor Ernesto Monaci published _Il Canzoniere Portoghese_ in 1875. And, to take a few more instances out of many, the poems of King Alfonso X, of extraordinary interest alike to historian and literary critic, first appeared in 1889; the plays of Gil Vicente were almost unknown before the Hamburg (1834) edition, based on the Göttingen copy of that of 1562; Sá de Miranda only received a definitive edition in 1885; the _Cancioneiro Geral_ became accessible in the middle of the nineteenth century, when the three volumes of the Stuttgart edition were published; the exquisite verses[1] of Sá de Meneses, which haunted Portuguese poetry for a century,[2] then sank into oblivion till they were discovered by Dr. Sousa Viterbo in the Torre do Tombo.[3] The abundant literature of popular _quadras_, _fados_, _romances_, _contos_ has only begun to be collected in the last fifty years.