Two factories continue to produce fine porcelain--one at Berlin, and one at Charlottenberg, which was founded in 1790--and both are under the direction of the state. The Berlin factory grew to such importance in the last century that it employed seven hundred workmen. The prices paid for some pieces of Berlin porcelain at the Bernal sale were as follows: A Berlin coffee-pot, with river-scene and landscape £5 $25 00 A plate, with Salmacis and Hermaphroditus, gold border, 13 10_s._ 67 00 A cup and saucer, deep blue, with female busts in red, on gold ground 4 10_s._ 22 00 A cup and saucer, with pink festoon border and exotic birds 1 10_s._ 7 50 A cup, cover, and stand, pink, with black medallions of the Princess de Lamballe and her cipher 5 15_s._ 29 00 Marks of Berlin porcelain: [Illustration: _This indicates Wegeley, and was in use about 1751 to 1761._] [Illustration: _The globe and cross-mark are found on a few pieces, about 1830._] [Illustration: _The mark of the sceptre was afterward used in various forms._] [Illustration: 1833.] [Illustration: _Another form of sceptre._] [Illustration: _Sometimes these are painted over the sceptre._] Since 1833 the mark has been a double eagle, surrounded by the words "_Porzellan-Manufactur, Königl._" The mark of Charlottenburg has been the double eagle crowned, holding a sceptre in one hand, a globe in the other. VIENNA PORCELAIN--HARD PASTE.--The Vienna manufactory was started about 1717 to 1720, and was a private enterprise. The principal man was Stenzel, who had escaped from Meissen, and was warmly welcomed at Vienna. He possessed the Meissen secrets, and was able to give character and value to the Vienna ware. The early examples were thicker and coarser than that of Dresden, and the paste was grayer and less pure. It was not till 1744, when Maria Theresa purchased the works, that Vienna porcelain rose to its best estate. This beautiful and capable woman for a long time was a prominent figure in the politics of Europe. Her father, the Emperor Charles VI. of Hapsburg, during his life secured to her the succession of the Austrian throne, by an agreement with the other powers called the "Pragmatic Sanction," which, however, proved a treacherous security, so that wars and rumors of wars followed her. The porcelain-works were, however, not neglected, and the patronage of the court, and the fashion the courtiers made, secured a good success; so that, in 1785, more than five hundred workmen were employed. Not only were the products largely used in Austria, but there came a great demand from Turkey. The first work was, of course, a following of Dresden. The best painters possible were engaged, and animals, landscapes, and figures, were applied. [Illustration: FIG. 131.--_Vienna and Herend Porcelain._]