[Illustration: _The Crown._] The first, the crest of the palatinate, was used from 1755 to 1761. PH combined, sometimes found on this porcelain, marks the work of Hannong. The crown, with the letters C. T. (Carl Theodor), indicates the late period from 1762 to 1798. FÜRSTENBURG (OR BRUNSWICK) PORCELAIN.--The interest excited by the production of porcelain at Dresden, Vienna, and Höchst, inspired many of the rulers of states with a desire to establish manufactories of the beautiful wares in their own dominions; among whom was Charles, Duke of Brunswick (1750). One of the Höchst workmen was secured to superintend the works at Fürstenburg; but he soon died, when Baron von Lang was placed in charge. He was an accomplished chemist, and his skill, with the funds put at his disposal by the duke, enabled him to produce work equal in decoration to that at Dresden, though the paste is not considered so fine. Fine vases, groups, and dinner and tea services, were the result, which are now much prized. At the Bernal sale a Fürstenburg cup, cover, and stand, painted with flowers and surmounted by a flame, sold for six pounds ten shillings sterling (thirty-two dollars). The mark is a cursive letter _F_ more or less rudely done in blue. [Illustration: FIG. 132.--_Fürstenberg._] In Fig. 132 is seen a basket from Mr. Wales's collection, made at Fürstenburg, which is carefully modeled, though it bears very little decoration. NYMPHENBURG, in Bavaria, had a small porcelain-manufactory as early as 1746 or 1747, but it seems to have had only a fitful and uncertain existence until after the death of Carl Theodor, when the Frankenthal workmen were taken to Nymphenburg, carrying with them skill, taste, and knowledge. The manufactory received many favors, and much good work was done. Among the known artists employed were Heintzmann, who painted landscapes; Adler, who did the figures; and Lindemann. Some of the white pieces made at Nymphenburg bear the impressed stamp of the factory, and painters' marks also, when decorated outside the walls of the manufactory. The establishment is said to be still in existence. Nymphenburg was once a royal palace, a few miles from Munich. At the Bernal sale some pieces sold as follows: A Nymphenburg basin with an elaborate painting of a battle, in Indian-ink £10 $50 00 A cup and saucer with figures, in Indian-ink and gold 2 10 00 A basin with figures and scrolls, in Indian-ink and gold 2 12_s._ 6_d._ 13 00 A basin with medallions in Indian-ink, figures in colors, and gold scrolls 14 70 00 A basin with three landscapes 4 20 00 The marks of the Nymphenburg are-- [Illustration: _The shield of the arms of Bavaria. A section of this was sometimes used._]