In the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1951, which established an embargo on the shipment of arms, ammunition, and implements of war to any nation or combination of nations threatening the security of the United States, Congress gave the Administration the power to determine what items constituted arms, ammunition, and implements of war and items should be embargoed.[567] Aid to any nation knowingly permitting shipment of such materials or equipment to the U.S.S.R. and its satellites was to be suspended, unless the President found that unusual circumstances indicated that the cessation of aid would clearly be detrimental to the security of the United States. Upon making such a decision, the President was to report his decision and the reasons for it to the Appropriations and Armed Services Committees of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. Moreover, the President was required to review, at least once each quarter, all determinations made previously and report his conclusions to the foregoing committees.[568] A postwar statute of limited dimensions was enacted in August 1953, enabling the President to lend to Italy, France, and any friendly foreign nation in the Far Eastern area, on terms satisfactory to him, naval vessels of stated categories.[569] This legislation charged the Secretary of Defense with the duty to keep the respective Committees on Armed Service of the Senate and the House of Representatives advised of all transfers or other dispositions of naval vessels.[570] The Defense Cataloguing and Standardization Act of 1952 established within the Department of Defense a Defense Supply Management Agency which was to develop a single catalogue system and related supply standardization program.[571] The Director of the Agency was required to transmit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives on January 31 and July 31 of each year, progress reports on the cataloguing and standardization programs.[572] Similarly, in authorizing the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force to acquire or develop industrial plants as needed for defense mobilization Congress required the Secretary of Defense to report semi-annually to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and of the House of Representatives with respect to those activities authorized by statute which were not otherwise the subject of reporting under law.[573] The foregoing can perhaps best be characterized as legislative adaptations of Carl J. Friedrich’s so-called “rule of anticipated reaction.”[574] In context the rule implies that administrative officers, aware of the imminent necessity of reporting to the legislature the details of exercise of discretion under delegatory statutes, will attempt so to pattern their action as to maximize the likelihood of legislative approval.