President Roosevelt by proclamation of July 1941 provided for establishment of “The Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals” to be published in the Federal Register. The list was to contain the names of those persons deemed to be, or to have been, acting on behalf of the interests of Germany and Italy. Any material or article exported from the United States through the efforts of German and Italian “blocked nationals” was declared to be detrimental to the interest of national defense in the United States.[194] The Secretary of State, acting in conjunction with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of Export Control, and the Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics was required to prepare the list.[195] Persons naturalized after January 1, 1951 created a _prima facie_ case that they were not attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States at the time of naturalization, if within five years after naturalization they joined as a member or affiliated with any organization, attachment to which would have precluded or hindered naturalization in the first place. The unwary risked cancellation of his citizenship for fraud if found to be connected with an organization whose goals and objectives were directed against the United States. This is one of the Internal Security Act provisions[196] designed to exclude communists from naturalization. The Expatriation Act of 1954 provides for the loss of nationality of persons (whether natural born or naturalized citizens) convicted by a court or court martial of committing treason against the United States, or engaging in a conspiracy to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them.[197]