_Exchange_: The May 1937 amendment to the Neutrality Act made it unlawful, when the President had issued a proclamation that a state of war between two or more states or a state of civil war in a foreign state existed for any person in the United States to purchase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities or other obligations of the governments of any belligerent states or to loan, or to collect contributions.[388] The First War Powers Act of 1941 echoed this provision, providing in Title III, Trading with the Enemy, that the President in time of national emergency declared by him might investigate, regulate, or prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit or payments.[389] The Export Control Act of 1949 permitted the President to stipulate the rules which should apply to the financing, transporting, and other servicing of exports.[390] _Price Control_: In time of war the capitalist economy is transformed into a closely administered economy regulated in an effort to maximize war production and minimize dislocation of the civilian economy. To prevent speculation and dissipation of tax and consumer dollars through continuous and unchecked price increases, it becomes necessary that prices be subjected to government control. This was the aim of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942. Whenever in the judgment of the Price Administrator the price or prices of a commodity or commodities threatened to rise to an extent inconsistent with the purposes of the Act, the Price Administrator could establish whatever maximum price or prices he thought equitable and fair. The only guide lines for “fair and equitable” in establishing a maximum price were the prices prevailing between October 1 and October 15, 1941.[391] He was further empowered to recommend stabilization or reduction of rents in defense-rental areas. Where state or local boards failed to heed the recommendation the Administrator could by regulation or order establish maximum rents for such accomodations as in his judgment would be generally fair and equitable and would effectuate the purposes of the Act. Rent levels were established on the basis of those prevailing on April 1, 1941. The Act was amended in October 1942 when Congress authorized and directed the President on or before November 1, 1942, to issue a general order stabilizing prices, wages, and salaries affecting the cost of living. Stabilization was so far as practicable, to be on the basis of the levels which existed on September 15, 1942.[392] The President was also given power by regulation to limit or prohibit the payment of double time except when, because of emergency conditions, an employee is required to work for seven consecutive days in any regularly scheduled work week.[393]