Practical Exercises in Elementary MeteorologyWard, Robert DeCourcy
Science
Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology
Ward, Robert DeCourcy
Meteorology
How does it feel to you out of doors to-day? Is it hot, warm, cool, or
cold? What is the difference between your feelings yesterday and to-day?
Between day before yesterday and to-day? Have you noticed any _regular_
change in your feelings as to warmth and cold during three or four
successive days? During the past week or two? During the past month? Is
there any difference between the temperature of morning, noon, afternoon,
and evening? Is there any _regular_ variation in temperature during the
day? Have there been any _sudden_ changes in temperature during the last
few days? Have these sudden changes brought warmer or cooler weather? Has
the warmer or cooler weather continued for a day or so, or has another
change quickly followed the first? Have the sudden changes, if you have
noted any, come at any regular times (as morning, afternoon, evening) or
at irregular intervals? Does there seem to you to be any definite system,
of any kind, in our changes of temperature? In what ways are people in
general affected by hot weather? By cold weather? What difference does a
very hot or a very cold day make in your own case?
=Wind Direction and Velocity.=——Wind is an important meteorological
element because it has many close relations to human life. It affects very
markedly our bodily sensations of heat or cold. A cold, calm day is
pleasanter than a cold, windy day. On the other hand, a hot, calm day is
usually much more uncomfortable than a hot, windy day. High winds cause
wrecks along seacoasts and damage houses, crops, and fruit trees. Sea
breezes bring in fresh, cool, pure air from the ocean on hot summer days.
In the tropics the sea breeze is so important in preserving the health of
Europeans in many places that it is known as “the doctor.” The movement of
wind through large cities carries off the foul air which has collected in
the narrow streets and alleys, and is thus a great purifying agent.
Record the _direction of the wind_ according to the four cardinal points
of the compass (N., E., S., and W.) and the four intermediate points (NE.,
SE., SW., and NW.). The direction of the wind is the point _from_ which
the wind blows. You can determine the points of the compass roughly by
noting where the sun rises and where it sets.
Note the _velocity of the wind_ according to the following scale, proposed
by Professor H. A. Hazen of the United States Weather Bureau.
0 CALM.
1 LIGHT; just moving the leaves of trees.
2 MODERATE; moving branches.
3 BRISK; swaying branches; blowing up dust.
4 HIGH; blowing up twigs from the ground, swaying whole trees.
5 GALE; breaking small branches, loosening bricks on chimneys.
6 HURRICANE or TORNADO; destroying everything in its path.
The record book will need two additional columns when wind observations
are begun, as follows:——
SAMPLE RECORD OF TEMPERATURE AND WIND.
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