Practical Exercises in Elementary MeteorologyWard, Robert DeCourcy
Science
Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology
Ward, Robert DeCourcy
Meteorology
Take another blank map. Draw through your station an isotherm inclined
from northeast to southwest. Draw other isotherms parallel to this, west
of your station, letting each successive isotherm represent a temperature
10° lower than that indicated by the adjacent isotherm on the east. Make a
temperature forecast for your station under these conditions. Diminish and
increase the number of isotherms on your map, as suggested in the
preceding example, making temperature forecasts in each case, and
comparing the three sets of forecasts. Formulate a general rule for
temperature forecasts made under these systems of isotherms.
Make temperature forecasts from the daily weather maps for your own
station, using the knowledge that you have already gained as to the
progression of cyclones and anticyclones (Chapter XVII), and as to the
temperature distribution in these areas (Chapter XIV), to help you in this
work. Study each day’s map carefully before you decide on what you will
say. Then write out your own forecast, and afterwards compare your
forecast with that made by the Weather Bureau. Note also, by reference to
your own instrumental observations, whether the succeeding temperature
conditions are such as you predicted.
=Wind Direction.=——The weather maps already studied taught us that our
winds habitually move in spirals. The composite picture of the wind
circulation around cyclones and anticyclones (Chapter XII) further
emphasized this important fact. Evidently this law of the systematic
circulation of the winds around centers of low and high pressure may be
utilized in making forecasts of wind direction.
Applying the knowledge already gained concerning cyclonic and anticyclonic
wind circulations, ask yourself what winds a station should have which is
within the range of the cyclonic wind system, and is in the following
positions with reference to the center: _northeast_, _north_, _northwest_,
_east_, _at the center_, _west_, _southeast_, _south_, _southwest_. Ask
yourself precisely the same questions with reference to a station within
an anticyclonic wind system. Write out a general rule for the kinds of
wind changes which may be expected to take place under these different
conditions.
When a station is south of the track of a passing cyclone its winds are
said to _veer_, and the change in the direction of its winds is called
_veering_. A station north of the track of a passing cyclone has a change
of direction in its winds which is known as _backing_, the winds
themselves being said to _back_.
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