Practical Exercises in Elementary MeteorologyWard, Robert DeCourcy
Science
Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology
Ward, Robert DeCourcy
Meteorology
Vary this exercise by extending your forecasts so as to embrace the whole
section of country in which your station is situated (as, _e.g._, New
England, the Gulf States, the Lake region). Pay special attention to
making forecasts of cold waves, of heavy rain or snowstorms, of high
winds over the lakes or along the Atlantic coast, etc. When possible,
obtain from the daily newspapers any particulars as to damage done by
frost or gales, or concerning snow blockades, floods due to heavy rains,
etc.
Fig. 53 summarizes what has thus far been learned as to the distribution
of the various weather elements around a well-developed center of low
pressure. The curved broken lines represent the _isotherms_ (Chapter XIV).
The solid concentric oval lines are the _isobars_ (Chapter XI). The arrows
represent the _winds_, the lengths of the arrows being roughly
proportionate to the wind velocities (Chapter XII). The whole shaded area
represents the region over which the sky is covered by heavy lower clouds.
The smaller shaded area, within the larger, encloses the district over
which rain or snow is falling (Chapter XVI). The lines running out in
front of the cloudy area represent the light upper clouds (_cirrus_ and
_cirro-stratus_) which usually precede an area of low pressure.
Imagine this whole disturbance moving across the United States in a
northeasterly direction, and imagine yourself at a station (1) directly in
the path of the cyclone; (2) south of the track; and (3) north of the
track. In the first case, as the disturbance moved on in its path, you
would successively occupy the positions marked _A_, _B_, and _C_ on the
line _AC_, passing through the center of the cyclone. In the second case
you would be first at _D_, then at _E_, and then at _F_. In the third case
you would be at _G_, _H_, and _J_ in succession. What changes of weather
would you experience in each of these positions as the cyclone passed by
you? Imagine yourself at some station halfway between the lines _AC_ and
_DF_. What weather changes would you have in that position with reference
to the storm track? In what respects would these weather changes differ
from those experienced along the line _DF_? Imagine your station halfway
between the lines _AC_ and _GJ_. What weather changes would you have
there? How would these changes differ from those experienced along the
line _GJ_?
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