Single Cylinder—Four Cylinder Automobile—Opposed Type—V Type—Tandem—Twin Tandem—Rotary Cylinder—Radial Diesel—Knight—Argyle—Rotary Valve 87 CHAPTER VI—TYPICAL TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINES Two Port—Three Port—Marine—Controlled Port—Aeronautic—Oechehauser—Gnome Rotary Two Stroke, Koerting 144 CHAPTER VII—OIL ENGINES Elyria—Marine Diesel—Installation—Aspiration Types—Fairbanks Morse—Kerosene—Carburetion Diesel—Semi Diesel—Combustion of Heavy Oils 160 CHAPTER VIII—IGNITION SYSTEMS Hot Tube System—Low Tension System—High Tension System—Details of Make and Break Batteries—Low Tension Magnetos—High Tension Magnetos—Coils—Adjustment—Troubles 195 CHAPTER IX—CARBURETORS Principles of Carburetion—Jet Carburetors—Water Jacketing—Fuel Supply—Different Types of Auto Carburetors—Adjustment Carburetor Troubles 271 CHAPTER X—LUBRICATION Forced Feed—Splash System—Oil Pumps—Lubrication Troubles 285 CHAPTER XI—COOLING SYSTEMS Evaporation Systems—Radiators—Air Cooling 299 CHAPTER XII—SPEED GOVERNORS Automobiles—Stationary—Adjustment—Mixture—Control—Hit and Miss—Mixed Systems 308 CHAPTER XIII—TRACTORS Gasoline and Oil Tractors—Mechanism of Various Types 324 CHAPTER XIV Steam Tractors 349 CHAPTER XV—OIL BURNERS Combustion—High Pressure System—Low Pressure System—Mixed System—Burners for Furnaces, Locomotives, etc. 363 Gas, Oil and Steam Engines CHAPTER I HEAT AND POWER (1) The Heat Engine. Heat engines, of which the steam engine and gas engine are the most prominent examples, are devices by which heat energy is transformed into mechanical power or motion. In all heat engines, this transformation of energy is accomplished by that property of heat known as “expansion,” by which an increase or decrease of temperature causes a corresponding increase or decrease in volume of the material subjected to the varying temperatures. The substance whose expansion and contraction actuates the heat engine is known as the “working medium,” and may be either a solid, liquid, or a gas. The extent to which the working medium is expanded depends not only upon the change of temperature but also on its composition.