2. =Musculature.= The muscles of the neck, thorax and abdomen are examined with reference to the following points: size (atrophy, hypertrophy), color (normally bright brownish-red, may be paler than normal, deep brown, yellow or grayish), consistence (pale muscle usually tears easily, brownish muscle usually tears less easily), moisture (moist in œdema, inflammation, and as a result of transfusion; dry in anæmias, severe diarrhœas, long-continued fevers), translucency (increased in Zenker’s necrosis, fatty infiltration, fatty degeneration, atrophy, anæmia; diminished in cloudy swelling and simple necrosis), blood-content (anæmia, hyperæmia), hemorrhages (trauma, surgical, hypodermic injections, toxic, infective, hæmatoma of abdominal rectus in typhoid fever), inflammation (acute, chronic, focal, diffuse, primary, secondary, abscess, fibroid, etc.), bony formations (myositis ossificans), parasites (trichina the most common, especially frequent in muscles of neck and in the intercostals and diaphragm, small whitish, oval bodies looking and feeling like grains of sand; echinococcus and cysticercus are more rare), neoplasms (not common, the spindle-cell fibrosarcoma or “recurrent fibroid” of abdominal wall the most frequent form). Zenker’s necrosis (hyaline, waxy or “fish-flesh” degeneration) is of frequent occurrence in the abdominal muscles in typhoid and other severe fevers and intoxications. Anomalies of sternal and pectoral muscles are not rare. 3. =Abdominal Cavity.= Watch carefully for the escape of gas when the first cut through the peritoneum is made. A lighted match may be held over the opening, or the skin incision may be filled with water and the peritoneum opened through the water, noting the escape of bubbles. The odor (sour, sweetish, yeasty, fécal, putrid, etc.) should be noted. Abnormal contents of the peritoneal cavity are to be measured and described as to color (amber, greenish-yellow, color of bile, red, bloody, brown, gray, creamy, milky, opalescent, etc.), consistence (thin, clear, watery, serous, pea-soup-like, gruel-like, creamy, jelly-like, colloid, semi-solid, etc.), odor (fécal or foul, due usually to the presence of the colon bacillus; acid or yeasty in perforation of stomach; fruity in diabetes, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis; odor of ether, chloroform, alcohol, etc.), contents (blood, bile, féces, stomach-contents [distinguish perforations due to postmortem digestion], fibrin, fat, chyle, pus, foreign-bodies, mucin or pseudomucin, parasites) and reaction (acid, alkaline). Non-inflammatory ascites occurs in portal stasis, hepatic cirrhosis, thrombosis or compression of portal or splenic veins, chronic passive congestion, chronic valvular lesions with incompensation, nephritis, severe anæmia, obstruction or rupture of thoracic duct, etc. The fluid of transudates is usually clear, odorless, alkaline, low specific gravity (below 1.016), small albumin- and