The most important pathologic conditions of the lungs are:—Anomalies (anomalous lobes common, infradiaphragmatic accessory lungs, agenesia, congenital bronchiectasis), atelectasis (fœtal, compression, obstruction, paralytic, etc.), emphysema (acute, chronic, vicarious, senile, atrophic, hypertrophic, interstitial, gangrenous), hyperæmia, stasis, brown induration, hypostasis, œdema (universal, stasis, hypostatic, atelectatic, acute, chronic, terminal), hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarction, thrombosis, embolism, fatty embolism, pneumonia (croupous, atypical, bronchopneumonia, acute and chronic interstitial), abscess, gangrene, tuberculosis (acute miliary, caseous pneumonia, peribronchial, tuberculous bronchopneumonia, indurative, fibroid, phthisis pulmonum), syphilis (gumma, white pneumonia), actinomycosis, neoplasms (primary adenoma, lipoma, papilloma, chondroma, osteoma, sarcoma, carcinoma and teratoma are rare; metastatic sarcoma and carcinoma are common; malignant chorio-epithelioma is not infrequent), parasites (echinococcus, cysticercus, hook-worm embryos, pentastomum and distomum pulmonale). 13. =Bronchi.= Note size, contents, thickness of wall, color and thickness of mucosa. Normally the bronchi are empty, and the mucosa grayish-red. In pulmonary œdema they contain clear, foamy fluid; in bronchitis they may contain a mucous, mucopurulent, purulent, fibrinous, hemorrhagic or putrid exudate. In acute bronchitis the mucosa is red; in chronic bronchitis the mucosa may be red or brownish, and thickened or folded. Material from the stomach may enter the bronchi postmortem and cause a postmortem digestion of the mucosa or wall. The most important pathologic conditions of the bronchi are:—Inflammation (acute and chronic catarrhal bronchitis, fibrinous, putrid, atrophic, obliterans), bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, syphilis, stenosis, bronchiectasis, perforation (aneurisms, abscess, carcinoma, tubercles, etc.), bronchial calculi, foreign bodies, neoplasms (adenoma, papilloma, carcinoma, chondroma, osteoma), parasites (cysticercus, echinococcus, hook-worm embryos, distomum pulmonale, pentastomum). 14. =Bronchial Glands.= Note size, pigmentation (gray, dark-gray, black), consistence, character of cut-surface, caseation, fibroid induration, calcification, œdema, congestion, abscess, neoplasm. Tuberculosis and secondary neoplasms are the most common conditions. Lymphosarcoma is the most frequent primary tumor.