The method is simple. The anesthesia is carried to the surgical degree in the ordinary way with anaesthol or chloroform. A soft rubber catheter with an opening at the end and side, and varying in diameter between ¼ and ⅜ inch, is made smooth with sterile vaseline and then passed through the nostril down into the naso-pharynx for a distance of about 7¼ inches in the adult, to the vicinity of the larynx. If the respiratory air streams freely through the tube it is assumed to be at the proper level and the tube is anchored and held in place by making a single turn of zinc oxide adhesive plaster about it, near the nostril, and fastening the ends to the cheek. It is important that these straps adhere firmly and the skin should therefore be cleaned with a little ether or chloroform before they are attached. This naso-pharyngeal tube must now be connected with a second tube, the _conducting tube_, to which a perforated funnel covered with gauze is attached, or which is dipped into a tumbler containing loosely packed gauze; the conducting tube should lie by the side of the patient, beneath the sterile sheets and it should be so long that the anesthetist can sit at the foot of the operating table to administer the anesthetic. Catheters, a piece of rubber tubing, some zinc oxide plaster, and a tumbler containing some gauze, are, therefore, all that one needs in order to improvise, in a few minutes, an adequate intubation apparatus. In practice, simplicity is frequently important. [Sidenote: Cocainization of the Pharynx] _Cocainization of the pharynx is an unnecessary procedure._ For operations on the mastoid or brain the pharynx need not be tamponed about the tubes. This is done only when blood is apt to flow down into the air passages, as in resecting the upper jaw, in Kocher’s excision of the tongue and various _intrabuccal_ operations. In such cases, the Roser mouth gag is inserted and the tongue drawn gently forward out of the way, while, aided by the index finger of the right or left hand, a piece of gauze tampon is placed snugly about the naso-pharyngeal tube or tubes. If a stream of expiratory air issues from the tube it is certain that the pharyngeal openings in the tube have not been plugged by the tampon or tenacious secretions. In certain operations on the nose where _both_ nostrils are involved it becomes necessary to introduce the tubes through the mouth—oro-pharyngeal intubation. [Sidenote: The Surgical Plane] [Sidenote: Pulse]