[200] See, _e.g._, an article by Fouillée in the _Revue Philosophique_, XXI. 5, with the very title “Nécessité d’une interprétation psychologique et sociologique du monde.” Fouillée finds there, as he does elsewhere, that will is the principle that enables us to unify the physical with the psychical world,--an illustration of the fact that the two characteristics I am referring to are really one. A present instance of the introduction of the element of will (the will of man, even) is to be seen in the contention of such a book as M. Lucien Arréat’s _Les Croyances de Demain_ (1898). According to _Mind_, M. Arréat proposes to substitute the idea that man can by his efforts bring about the supremacy of justice for the traditional idea that justice reigns in the universe. [201] _Manual of Ethics_, according to Mr. Stout, _International Journal of Ethics_, October 1894. There are many similar sentences and ideas in the book. [202] _Elements of Ethics_, p. 232. [203] Now Professor of Logic in St. Andrews. [204] _International Journal of Ethics_, October 1894, p. 119. [205] I think that I must here have meant Professor Watson’s _Christianity and Idealism_. [206] And apart from the idealism and the ethical philosophy of which I speak, in the next chapter, as necessary to convert Pragmatism into the Humanism it would like to become, Pragmatism is really a kind of romanticism, the reaction of a personal enthusiasm against the abstractions of a classical rationalism in philosophy. There is an element of this romanticism in James’s heroic philosophy of life, although I would prefer to be the last man in the world to talk against this heroic romanticism in any one. It is the great want of our time, and it is the thing that is prized most in some of the men whom this ephemeral age of ours still delights to honour. It was exhibited both in Browning and in George Meredith, for example. Of the former Mr. Chesterton writes in his trenchant, clean-sweeping little book on _The Victorian Age in Literature_, p. 175: “What he really was was a romantic. He offered the cosmos as an adventure rather than a scheme.” The same thing could be said about James’s “Will to Believe” Philosophy. Meredith, although far less of an idealist than Browning, was also an optimist by temperament rather than by knowledge or by conviction--hence the elevation of his tone and style in spite of his belated naturalism. [207] In _Un Romantisme utilitaire_ (Paris, Alcan, 1911), chiefly a study of the Pragmatism of Nietzsche and Poincaré. [208] I am indebted for this saying of one of my old teachers to Mr. C. F. G. Masterman, in his essay upon Sidgwick in that judicious and interesting book upon the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, _In Peril of Change_.