The chapter upon Pragmatism and Anglo-Hegelian Rationalism is also offered with some degree of reservation and misgiving, for, like many of my contemporaries, I owe nearly everything in the way of my introduction to philosophy to the great Neo-Kantian and Neo-Hegelian movement. In its place, I had some months ago a more general chapter upon Pragmatism and Rationalism, containing the results of material that I had been elaborating upon the development of English Neo-Hegelianism. At the last moment I substituted what is here offered upon the significant high-water output of Hegelianism represented in Dr. Bosanquet’s Edinburgh Gifford Lectures. In regard to the note upon the Pragmatist elements in the philosophy of Bergson I ought, perhaps, to say that I kept away from Bergson’s last two books until I had written out what had been growing up in my own mind about the activism of Pragmatism and its relations to Idealism. I have found confirmation for much of my own thought in the teaching of this remarkable and significant thinker, and I regret the partial representation of it that is here submitted. Having crossed the ocean for the printing of my book, I have in some cases lost or misplaced references that I intended to use or to verify. For this I crave the indulgence of readers and critics. I am indebted to the following gentlemen for much kind help and criticism in the revision of my manuscript and proof-sheets for the press: my brother, the Rev. Victor Caldwell, M.A., of Patna, Ayrshire; Professor John Laird of Queen’s University, Belfast; Professor James Seth of the University of Edinburgh; Professor P. T. Lafleur of M’Gill University. I also owe much in this same connexion to recent conversations with Professors A. Lalande and D. Parodi of Paris, upon Pragmatism and contemporary philosophy generally. LONDON, _September 1913_. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY 1 NOTE ON THE MEANING OF “PRAGMATISM” 21 II. PRAGMATISM AND THE PRAGMATIST MOVEMENT 23 III. SOME FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS 58 IV. PRAGMATISM AND HUMAN ACTIVITY 93 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER IV.--PHILOSOPHY AND THE ACTIVITY-EXPERIENCE 109 V. CRITICAL 116 VI. PRAGMATISM AS HUMANISM 141 VII. PRAGMATISM AS AMERICANISM 168 VIII. PRAGMATISM AND ANGLO-HEGELIAN RATIONALISM 196 IX. PRAGMATISM AND IDEALISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF BERGSON 234 CONCLUDING REMARKS 262 INDEX 267 PRAGMATISM AND IDEALISM