English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
Notice the brutal use of the word "fitte" (often spelled fytte). This
was an old name for the divisions of a long poem, romance, or epic.
Later the Italian term "canto" was substituted for it. Godmar refers
to the woman's love as her romance, her poem: "Now the first canto of
our love-romance has been read--only the first, remember!" The second
fitte will be perhaps the burning of the woman when she is brought
back to the castle prison from which she fled. It all depends upon
circumstances. If she has really become mad, she may escape. The poem
ends here, leaving us in doubt about the rest. We can only imagine the
termination. I think that she has not really become mad, that she is
too selfish and weak to bear or even to feel the real emotional shock
of the thing; and that when they are half way to the prison she is
likely to yield to Godmar's will. If she does so, he will probably keep
her in his castle until he tires of her, and finds it expedient to end
her existence with as little scruple as he showed in killing Robert.
But, as an actual fact, it is difficult to be sure of anything, because
we know neither the beginning nor the end of the affair. We have only
a glimpse of the passion, suffering, selfishness, cruelty--then utter
darkness. And this method of merely glimpsing the story causes it to
leave a profound impression upon the imagination. Please do not forget
this, because it is the most important art in any kind of narrative
literature, whether of poetry or of prose.
A second example of the same device is furnished by another terrible
poem called "The Judgment of God." The Judgment of God is an old name
for trial by single combat. It was a superstitious law, a foolish and
wicked law, but it served a purpose in the Middle Ages, and it afforded
an opportunity for many noble and courageous deeds. Browning took up
this subject in his stirring poem of "Count Gismond." The law was
this: when one knight was accused by another of some evil, cruel, or
treacherous act, he was allowed to challenge the man who brought the
charge against him to fight to the death--_à l'outrance_, as the old
term expressed it. The combat took place in the presence of the lord or
king and before a great assembly, according to fixed rules. If the man
who brought the charge lost the fight, then it was thought that he had
proved himself a liar. If the person accused won the battle, then he
was declared to be innocent. For it was thought that God would protect
the truth in such cases; and therefore these combats were called the
"judgment of God." Nevertheless you will perceive that a very skilful
knight might be able to kill a great number of accusers, and lawfully
"prove" himself innocent of a hundred crimes. That was a great defect
of the system.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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