Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
The Classic period of the Hohokam, which lasted from about 1200 to 1400
A. D. or not long thereafter, was a remarkable era which has been
referred to as “the Golden Age of southern Arizona”. As has been
previously noted, however, _Classic_ is hardly an accurate designation
since we are no longer dealing with a pure Hohokam culture. It was
during this time that Pueblo traits and, later, Pueblo people themselves
entered the Hohokam homeland.
The newcomers, whose influence had been felt even before they themselves
arrived, were a group known as the Salado people. The Saladoans are
believed to have originated in the Little Colorado area, which they left
to move farther south into the Tonto Basin around 1100 A. D.[56] About
1300 they again moved farther south and entered the domain of the
Hohokam. They brought with them their own distinctive culture which
differed in some ways from the classic Pueblo of the San Juan area and
was far different from that of the Hohokam. They built thick-walled,
multi-storied communal houses of adobe, in walled compounds. Their
pottery included coiled and scraped polychrome wares in red, black, and
white. They practiced inhumation, or burial of the dead.
[Illustration: Fig. 50—Salado polychrome ware. (Courtesy National
Park Service.)]
The coming together of the Salado people and the Hohokam is really
remarkable. There is no evidence of an invasion nor of violence.
Instead, these two culturally different people seem to have come
together in a friendly manner and lived together in the same communities
in peace and amity. Each group, to a great extent, clung to its own way
of life, yet together they achieved a distinctive culture. It was during
this period that the canal system reached its highest development.
Doubtless the newcomers, who had had no real irrigation system before,
contributed their labor to the common project of building and
maintaining the canals which were built to serve their villages.
In the Hohokam culture proper there were certain changes. Pottery
included plain buff ware and a pebble-polished bright red ware, usually
in the form of bowls with black interiors, as well as the ubiquitous
red-on-buff. In the latter, the red paint was thinner and less
brilliantly colored than in earlier times. Jars and pitchers, the latter
an innovation of this period, were the commonest forms. Jars with a
capacity of over thirty gallons have been found. Painting was
characterized by poor brush work. Most designs were rectilinear and
practically no life-forms were used. A few figurines, representing both
human beings and animals, have been found at Los Muertos, a Classic
site, but they were too few to have been important in the culture. There
is, of course, the possibility that some were made of perishable
materials instead of clay and hence have not survived.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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