Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
Most Salado pottery during this period was a polychrome ware with red,
black, and white. Red was sometimes used as a decorative color, and
sometimes formed a part of the background. Bowls and jars predominated,
but ladles and mugs were also made, and there were some effigy vessels,
usually in the form of birds. Some corrugated pottery was also made.
There was a definite decline in some of the arts of the Hohokam. Carved
stone vessels and palettes were no longer made. Pyrites mirrors are not
found in this horizon. Shell work continued to flourish, although
etching had disappeared. Heavy bracelets were made and true inlay and
ceremonial shell trumpets[5] made their first appearance. These were
west-coast conch shells with a hole ground into the tip of the spire.
Blowing into the shell through this hole produces a trumpetlike sound.
Axes, both single and doublebitted, were beautifully made, and
represented stone work at its peak. Projectile points were thin and well
made. Usually they were long and triangular. Most of them had notches
chipped at right angles but a few were unnotched. Edges were not
serrated, as they had been in earlier times. Stone implements,
presumably of Salado origin, were added to the complex. These included
adzes, picks, chisels, crushers, club heads, flakes with serrated edges
which served as saws, jar stoppers, pottery scrapers, and shaft
straighteners.
Ball courts were greatly reduced in size by Classic times and it seems
probable that the game played in them had lost much of its popularity.
This belief is confirmed by the absence of a ball court at Los Muertos,
one of the largest and most important villages. It seems likely that
provisions would have been made at such a settlement for a sport which
enjoyed much popular support. A ball court was found at Casa Grande,
another important Classic site, however, so this trait had apparently
not disappeared entirely.
It was in the realm of architecture that the greatest changes occurred.
Even in Sedentary times, in the eastern part of the Hohokam area, there
was a tendency for houses to become surface structures. During the early
part of the Classic period, surface houses, sometimes with contiguous
rooms, were built by the Hohokam. These changes were probably due to
Salado influence, although the people themselves had not yet arrived in
the area. Walls were still extremely thin and of typical Hohokam
construction, so houses were no more than one story high.
With the arrival of the Salado people, the building of multi-storied
houses with massive walls, enclosed in compounds, began. Two of the best
known of these are El Pueblo de Los Muertos. (The City of the Dead)[56]
which, before its destruction by farmers, lay a few miles south of
Tempe, Arizona, and Casa Grande,[26] a great ruin, now a National
Monument, which lies nine miles west of Florence, Arizona.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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