Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
One interesting trait of the Mimbreños was the practice of burying the
dead under the house floors, although the houses continued to be
occupied. In one room a total of thirty-two, sub-floor burials were
found. Although this practice was the most common one, it was not always
followed, for there were some burials outside of the houses and in the
fill of unoccupied rooms, and a few cremations have been found.
Archaeologists are very grateful to the ancient Mimbres people for their
habit of burying pots with the dead, for it is to this that we owe our
knowledge of some of the most beautiful and interesting pottery that has
ever been made. A few old people and children were buried without
offerings, but most bodies had one or more bowls placed over the head.
Metates and manos were also often placed in women’s graves, and there
was some jewelry. One interesting feature of burial pottery, apart from
the magnificent skill which went into its decoration, was the presence
of a hole, usually punched into the pot with a sharp instrument, or
sometimes drilled. It is believed that this was done to release the
spirit or soul of the vessel which was thought to be a part of the
maker. The ceremonial killing of pottery probably took place at the
grave, for the piece knocked out of a pot is often found associated with
it in the burial. Metates were often similarly treated.
The plain burnished-buff and polished-red wares of the Mogollon
continued to be made, but black-on-white pottery assumed the greatest
importance, and fine corrugated cooking ware began to be produced. There
is also some polychrome ware with red and black designs on a white
background. It was in the field of black-on-white ware that the ancient
Mimbreños reached an artistic peak which has seldom, if ever, been
surpassed in the medium of pottery. The black-on-white color combination
at once suggests Pueblo influence. Certain design elements are
reminiscent of the Hohokam, however.
Bowls were the usual shape. Designs were sometimes positive, sometimes
negative. They were of two types, geometric and naturalistic. Both are
equally remarkable. The geometric designs are very beautiful and are
characterized by an extraordinary sureness of touch which is revealed by
the accuracy of spacing and the precision of line. In one case, for
example, twenty-seven parallel lines are to be found in a band less than
two inches in width. The bowls with naturalistic designs show the same
fine sense of composition. Some depict charming, surrealist creatures
which Dali might be proud to claim, but others are quite realistic. The
forms shown include birds, insects, quadrupeds, fish, and human beings.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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