Biscuit ware from the Rio Grande area, Regressive Pueblo period 113 40. Hopi maiden 116 41. Map showing sites referred to in Chapter IV 119 42. Hohokam figurines 123 43. Hohokam house and ball court, Colonial period 126 44. Red-on-buff Hohokam vessel, Colonial period 128 45. Hohokam carved stone vessel, Colonial period 130 46. Hohokam ornaments of carved shell 131 47. Red-on-buff Hohokam jars, Sedentary period 133 48. Hohokam stone palette, Sedentary period 134 49. Hohokam etched shell, Sedentary period 136 50. Salado polychrome ware 138 51. Big house built by the Salado people, Casa Grande National Monument 141 52. Child’s cotton poncho from Ventana Cave, Desert Hohokam 143 53. Pima House in 1897 145 54. Map showing sites referred to in Chapter V 149 55. Postulated reconstructions of the dwelling units of three Mogollon phases 154 56. Mimbres black-on-white pottery 160 57. Map showing distribution of cultures referred to in Chapters VI and VII 164 58. Montezuma Castle National Monument 165 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Before beginning any discussion of the Southwest it is best to decide exactly what we mean by the word, for it means many things to many people. For the geographer it has one meaning, for the economist another, and for those who study its ancient inhabitants still another. It is in the latter sense that we shall interpret it. To the archaeologist, that is, to the scientist who studies and seeks to interpret the life and times of prehistoric man, the Southwest usually means New Mexico, Arizona, southern Utah, and the southwestern corner of Colorado. Interpreting the term in its broadest sense, he may include the remainder of Utah, southeastern Nevada, southwestern Texas, and northern Mexico. State lines and international boundaries are, of course, recent man-made devices and we must consider this region, not in terms of present political units, but on a cultural and geographic basis.