Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
At Chaco Canyon, and in other Great-Pueblo centers, various minor arts
also flourished. Feather cloth continued to be made, and still provided
robes and blankets for the living and wrappings for the dead. Flocks of
domesticated turkeys were kept to provide feathers, and parrots and
other brilliantly colored birds were brought from the south. Cotton
fabrics were steadily increasing in importance. Some large blankets were
woven which must have required the use of an upright loom. Colored yarns
were used, and there was some painting of finished fabrics. Variations
in weaving also provided decoration. There is no evidence that the
people wore any tailored garments, but the remains of a poncho with a
slit for the head has been found. There were also some garments of
dressed buckskin, in addition to those of feather and cotton cloth.
Some sandals with notched toes were woven of fine cord, but this art had
degenerated and decoration was less elaborate, both as regards colored
and raised patterns. Most sandals were of plaited yucca leaves, and many
had square toes. Twined-weaving does not seem to have survived. Coiled
baskets were still produced, but they were not plentiful. They were of a
finer weave than those of the preceding periods but had fewer colored
designs. Yucca ring baskets were extremely common. These were made by
fastening the outer edges of a bowl-shaped mat, made of twilled yucca
leaves, over a wooden ring. Twilled mats of rushes or reeds, were made
in quantity and were widely used as floor and roof coverings. Tubular
pipes were made of both clay and stone. These are rarely found whole,
and it is thought they may have been intentionally broken—possibly to
avoid profanation after use in sacred rites.
It was in the field of ornaments that the minor arts of the Chaco people
reached their highest development. Olivella-shell beads were still
widely used, and there were also stone beads and stone and shell
pendants carved into the form of birds and animals; but it was turquoise
which provided the material for the finest ornaments. Some beautiful
mosaics were made of turquoise, and it was also used in the making of
beads. One incomparable necklace found at Pueblo Bonito contained
twenty-five hundred beads and four pendants of magnificent sky blue
stones.[71] All were shaped and polished with a skill that would do
credit to a modern jeweller with all his highly specialized tools. An
unbelievable amount of work must have gone into the production of such
an ornament when only stone tools were available. Unfortunately we do
not have many such specimens—due to the mystery which surrounds the
final disposition of the remains of the ancient inhabitants of Pueblo
Bonito.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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