Java man, _Pithecanthropus_, comes from geological beds equal in age to the latter part of the second alpine glaciation; the _Meganthropus_ finds refer to beds of the beginning of this glaciation. The first finds of Java man were made in 1891-92 by Dr. Eugene Dubois, a Dutch doctor in the colonial service. Finds have continued to be made. There are now bones enough to account for four skulls. There are also four jaws and some odd teeth and thigh bones. Java man, generally speaking, was about five feet six inches tall, and didn’t hold his head very erect. His skull was very thick and heavy and had room for little more than two-thirds as large a brain as we have. He had big teeth and a big jaw and enormous eyebrow ridges. No tools were found in the geological deposits where bones of Java man appeared. There are some tools in the same general area, but they come a bit later in time. One reason we accept the Java man as man--aside from his general anatomical appearance--is that these tools probably belonged to his near descendants. Remember that there are several varieties of men in the whole early Java lot, at least two of which are earlier than the _Pithecanthropus_, “Java man.” Some of the earlier ones seem to have gone in for bigness, in tooth-size at least. _Meganthropus_ is one of these earlier varieties. As we said, he _may_ turn out to be a link to the australopithecines, who _may_ or _may not_ be ancestral to men. _Meganthropus_ is best understandable in terms of _Pithecanthropus_, who appeared later in the same general area. _Pithecanthropus_ is pretty well understandable from the bones he left us, and also because of his strong resemblance to the fully tool-using cave-dwelling “Peking man,” _Sinanthropus_, about whom we shall talk next. But you can see that the physical anthropologists and prehistoric archeologists still have a lot of work to do on the problem of earliest men. PEKING MEN AND SOME EARLY WESTERNERS The earliest known Chinese are called _Sinanthropus_, or “Peking man,” because the finds were made near that city. In World War II, the United States Marine guard at our Embassy in Peking tried to help get the bones out of the city before the Japanese attack. Nobody knows where these bones are now. The Red Chinese accuse us of having stolen them. They were last seen on a dock-side at a Chinese port. But should you catch a Marine with a sack of old bones, perhaps we could achieve peace in Asia by returning them! Fortunately, there is a complete set of casts of the bones.