As there are some twenty-four pairs of these in an area only slightly
greater than that of the outspread hand, and as they are capable of
acting with every imaginable grade of vigor and in every possible
combination, it can readily be seen what an infinite and complicated
series of expressions--or, in other words, indications of the state of
affairs within those different orifices--they are capable of. Only the
barest and rudest outlines of their meaning and principles of
interpretation can be attempted. To put it very roughly, the main
underlying principle of interpretation is that we make our first
instinctive judgment of the site of the disease from noting which of the
three great orifices is distorted furthest from its normal condition.
Then by constructing a parallel upon the similarity or the difference of
the lines about the other two openings, we get what a surveyor would
call our "lines of triangulation," and by following these to their
converging point can often arrive at a fairly accurate localization.
The greatest difficulty in the method, though at times our greatest
help, is the extraordinary and intimate sympathy which exists between
all three of these groups. If pain, no matter where located, once
becomes intense enough, its manifestations will travel over the
face-dial, overflowing the organ or system in which it occurs, and eyes,
nostrils, and mouth will alike reveal its presence. Here, of course, is
where our second great process, so well known in all clew-following,
elimination, comes in.
A patient comes in with pain-lines written all over his face. To put it
very roughly--has he cancer of the stomach? Pneumonia? Brain tumor? If
there be no play of the muscles distending and contracting the nostrils
with each expiration, no increased rapidity of breathing, no gasp when a
full breath is drawn, and no deep red fever blush on the cheeks, we
mentally eliminate pneumonia. The absence of these nasal signs throws us
back toward cancer or some other painful affection of the alimentary
canal. If the pain-lines about the mouth are of recent formation, and
have not graved themselves into the furrows of the forehead above and
between the eyebrows; if the color, instead of ashy, be clear and red,
we throw out cancer and think of colic, ulcer, hyperacidity, or some
milder form of alimentary disease.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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