Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
“For the body there is a greater choice of design, but the choice is
between certain well known patterns, and the ways in which each may be
used are definitely fixed. The most characteristic and, at the present
time, the most popular type is the deer-sunflower pattern (fig. 142).
Two large medallions representing sunflowers are painted on opposite
sides of the jar. Three such medallions are sometimes used, but two
is the preferred number. The space between the medallions is divided
horizontally by a narrow band. The band may be filled with small
conventionalized birds or with an interlocking scroll figure. In each
of the spaces formed by this band are painted two deer, each surrounded
by graceful scroll work, called in Zuni terminology ‘the deer’s house’.
In all, eight deer are used, two in each of the four fields. The deer
are always painted in exactly the same way, in profile with the head
to the right, and with certain of the internal organs indicated.
There is no variation even in the ornamental scrolls surrounding the
representation. In small jars it is permitted to substitute for the
deer on the lower and smaller part of the jar one of several well
defined crook or scroll patterns, but any other departures from the
established scheme are severely criticised. The first of the two rim
designs referred to above is always used with the deer pattern. The
whole composition in precisely the combination described appears over
and over again in water jars now in use at Zuni as well as in older
specimens now in our museums, and the fixity of the type is clearly
recognized by native artists.
[Illustration: Fig. 142. Zuni pot.]
“This is only one of a number of equally fixed types of decoration at
present in favor at Zuni. There is, for instance, one very elaborate
terraced figure repeated in literally hundreds of specimens of water
jars, and always without the slightest variation either in the figure
itself or in its application to the jar. It is always used in threes
and with the second of the two rim designs. There are other types also,
any one of which is known to and can be described by any well informed
Zuni potter. Although the invention of new designs is considered
eminently desirable among them, the actual number of Zuni pots that do
not belong to one or the other of these recognized types is exceedingly
small.”
[Illustration: Fig. 143. Haussa embroideries.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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