Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
The most important characteristic of the killer-whale as represented
by the Haida is the long dorsal fin,—often with white circle or white
stripe in the middle, and a face or eye indicating a joint at the base.
The head is elongated, the mouth long and square in front. The nostril
is large, high, and at the same time elongated. The distance from the
mouth to the eyebrow is long and on totem poles and spoon handles
the head is always so placed that the long snout points downward.
When seen in profile the front of the face is square on account of
the forward extension of the nose over the front part of the mouth.
The eye is generally round but sometimes surrounded by elongated lid
lines with sharp inner and outer corners. Sometimes the blow-hole is
shown by a circular spot over the forehead. In fig. 176 are shown a
few representations of the killer-whale as found on handles of spoons
made of mountain-goat horn. In (_a_) and (_b_) the dorsal fin rises
immediately over the head of the animal. The inverted face in (_b_)
probably represents the blow-hole. In (_a_) and (_c_) the fins are
folded forward; in the latter specimen the tail is turned up in front
on the body. On the rattle (fig. 177) the characteristic large head
with steep face appears. The mouth is set with large teeth; the eye is
round. In front of the dorsal fin is a blow-hole. The Haida float (fig.
178) is abnormal in so far as it has a very small dorsal fin (see also
fig. 182 _d_).
[Illustration: Fig. 176. _a_-_e_ Carvings from handles of spoons of
mountain-goat horn representing killer-whale, Tlingit.]
[Illustration: Fig. 177. Rattle representing killer-whale, Haida.]
[Illustration: Fig. 178. Wooden float representing killer-whale, Haida.]
[Illustration: Fig. 179. Masks and dishes representing the
killer-whale, Kwakiutl.]
[Illustration: Fig. 180. Helmet representing the killer-whale, Tlingit.]
[Illustration: Fig. 181. Carvings from the handles of spoons of
mountain-goat horn representing the bear.]
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