Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
This cutting of the head is brought out most clearly in the painting
fig. 223, which also represents the bear. It is the painting on the
front of a Tsimshian house, the circular hole in the middle of the
design being the door of the house. The animal is cut from back to
front, so that only the front part of the head coheres. The two halves
of the lower jaw do not touch each other. The back is represented by
the black outline on which the hair is indicated by fine lines. The
Tsimshian call such a design “bears meeting”, as though two bears had
been represented.
[Illustration: Fig. 224. Wooden hat painted with the design of a
sculpin, Haida.]
In a number of cases the designs painted on hats must also be explained
as formed by the junction of two profiles. This is the case in the
painted wooden hat (fig. 224), on which the design of a sculpin is
shown. It will be noticed that only the mouth of the animal coheres,
while the eyes are widely separated. The spines rise immediately over
the mouth. The flippers are attached to the corners of the face, while
the dorsal fin is split into halves, each half being joined to an eye.
[Illustration: Fig. 225. Hat made of spruce roots painted with design
of a beaver, Haida or Tsimshian.]
The beaver (fig. 225) has been treated in the same manner. The head
is split down to the mouth, over which rises the hat with four rings.
The split has been carried back to the tail, which, however, is left
intact, and turned up towards the centre of the hat. The importance
of the symbols becomes very clear in this specimen. If the two large
black teeth which are seen under the four rings, and the tail with the
cross-hatchings, were omitted, the figure would represent the frog.
[Illustration: Fig. 226. Tattooing representing a duck, Haida.]
[Illustration: Fig. 227. Tattooing representing a raven, Haida.]
In other designs the cut is made in the opposite direction from the
one described heretofore. It passes from the chest to the back, and
the animal is unfolded so that the two halves cohere along the middle
line of the back. This has been done in the Haida tattooings figs. 226
and 227, the former representing the duck, the latter the raven. In
both the tail is left intact. The duck has been split along the back so
that the two halves of the body do not cohere except in their lowest
portions, while the two halves of the raven are left in contact up to
the head.
[Illustration: Fig. 228. Dancing-apron woven of mountain-goat wool,
design representing a beaver, Tsimshian.]
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