Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
The box shown in fig. 287 _c_ is related to the general design of fig.
287 _b_. The somewhat slanting lines between the upper and lower fields
occur in both cases, but the vertical division of each side, which is
characteristic of the specimen just described, is lacking in the last
named specimen.
[Illustration: Fig. 288. Horn spoons showing carving on the back; _a_,
representing sea-monster; _b_, hawk; _c_, beaver (?); _d_, raven; _e_,
killer-whale; _f_, raven; _g_, dlia (?); _h_, sun.]
A fairly fixed formal arrangement may also be observed on horn spoons
moulded of a single piece (fig. 288). On the back of the spoon is a
design, the center of which is a large face. In many specimens the
space above the eye is filled by two ear designs which are doubled
and unusually large on account of the space that they have to fill.
In these specimens the space between the ears is taken up by a narrow
decorated strip. In a few simpler forms parts of the bowl of the spoon
remain undecorated.
[Illustration: Fig. 289. Dish of horn of big-horn-sheep representing
the bear.]
A closer examination of the decorated objects shows that even apart
from the decorative use of symbolic motives, geometric elements are
not by any means absent. The most striking use of geometrical forms
is found on wooden trays, which bear at the ends the characteristic
faces, but which are decorated on the sides by groups of short parallel
lines (fig. 284, p. 273). The line and circle pattern on the dish
(fig. 168, p. 191) illustrates also the use of geometrical forms for
decorative purposes. On the berry spoon (fig. 215, p. 221) the space
left vacant by the symbolic design is filled in with a net of crossing
lines. This specimen shows that the cross hatching which occurs in many
specimens,—on the beaver tail (fig. 157, p. 186), on berry spoons (fig.
182, p. 197), on spoons (fig. 189, p. 201) and often in red or black
as a filler on boxes (fig. 274, p. 263) has a decorative value even
when it may be given at the same time a symbolic meaning. The dish of
big-horn-sheep horn (fig. 289) shows a bear’s head at each end. At the
same time it has a decorative border which seems to imitate the border
of a basket and which is purely ornamental. It serves to close off the
rim which without it would seem to end abruptly. A similar device is
used on a Kwakiutl mask (fig. 290). Although the encircling ornament
is explained as a ring made of twisted, shredded cedar bark, it is
obviously essentially ornamental. The circular and spiral designs bring
out the ornamental character most clearly.
[Illustration: PLATE X.
Chilkat Blanket.]
[Illustration: PLATE XI.
Cedarbark Blanket, British Columbia.]
[Illustration: PLATE XII.
Blankets of Mountain-goat Wool.
Bella Coola, British Columbia.]
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