Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
The style has undoubtedly its home in northern British Columbia and
southern Alaska. The manufactures of the tribes of Vancouver Island
show a far more extended use of geometrical ornamentation than those of
the northern tribes. I am under the impression that these are survivals
of an older style. Trays, boxes, and baskets of the Kwakiutl Indians
are still decorated with geometrical patterns. A rattle used in a
ceremony performed after the birth of twins (fig. 19, p. 31) bears a
pattern consisting of angular fields. Ancient boxes found in caves are
ornamented with a geometrical style more elaborate than that of modern
times (fig. 291).
[Illustration: Fig. 296. Spindle whorls.]
[Illustration: Fig. 297. Ladle made of big-horn-sheep horn, Columbia
River.]
The small food trays, the sides of which are bent out of a single
board, bear on the upper end a border pattern consisting of equidistant
lines following the rim, while the body of the sides is ornamented
with vertical lines (fig. 292 _a_). A similar border pattern is found
on buckets (fig. 292 _b_). In boxes a border design is cut in, setting
off the central field (fig. 293). Combs are decorated with geometrical
motives most of which consist of a central rectangular field set off
from the background by parallel lines or developed by a subdivision of
the field. In one case triangles and crossing lines with hachure are
used (fig. 294). On a bone sword the decoration consists of circles
with center, a pattern that is widely distributed among the western
Eskimo, the plateau tribes of the interior and in California (fig.
295). It will be noticed that the head carved at the end of this
specimen does not conform at all to the style of art here discussed
but rather agrees with the carving found in the region of the Gulf of
Georgia and Puget Sound. Another specimen (fig. 295), differs still
more from the style of the Northwest coast art and resembles that of
the tribes of the interior.
[Illustration: Fig. 298. Clubs made of bone of whale, Nootka.]
In the art of the West coast of Vancouver Island, in a few ancient
specimens of the Kwakiutl and particularly in the whole area of the
Gulf of Georgia, a triangular motive analogous to the “Kerbschnitt” of
northern Europe, plays an important role. It is found on the ancient
Kwakiutl boxes previously referred to (fig. 291), and is a common
decorative motive on clubs made of bone of whale (fig. 298). A related
motive is found on spindle whorls (fig. 296). It is also found on
representative wood carvings, as on the eagle design on a house post
from the Fraser River Delta (Plate XIII p. 288). In the region still
farther south, this ornament becomes more and more important, as may be
seen on dishes and spoons from the Columbia River area. On these the
circular design and central dot also occur (fig. 297).
[Illustration: Fig. 299. Clubs made of bone of whale, Nootka and coast
of Salish.]
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