Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
A number of ancient specimens prove the existence of a fixed art style
in this region, representative, but differing in character from the
style of the Northwest coast. This is best illustrated by a series
of war clubs. The fundamental type is a blade of a lenticular cross
section surmounted by a head resembling that of an eagle, which bears
on its head a bird headdress not unlike what is used by the Nootka of
modern times.[115] In all the specimens represented in figures 298 and
299 this fundamental form will be recognized, although in many cases
the outlines are so crude that the elements of the composition are
recognized with difficulty only. It is possible that in a number of
these carvings it was not the intent to represent the eagle with bird
headdress, but that the form is rather due to the compelling influence
of a standardized form that determined the outlines of the subject
of the representation. Common to these clubs is also the central
ornamental line ending near the point in a circular ornament which is
often given the form of a human head.
[115] See Harlan I. Smith, Archaeology of the Gulf of Georgia and Puget
Sound, Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol II,
figs. 165-168.
Representations of animals in wood carving differ also in important
features from those of the northern region. The tendency to ornament
the whole body, the dislike of a plain background is not found here.
If we are right in assuming that the fullest development of a rich
ornamentation in the north is late, we might say that in the south the
ornamentation has not yet encroached upon the whole background. The
eye design, double curve, the slit design are foreign to this area.
Instead of house posts carved in the round, we find heavy posts of
rectangular cross section which bear on the front figures carved in the
round or in high relief. Sometimes the post assumes geometrical forms.
A characteristic trait of the human face in this region is the sharp
angle setting off the forehead from the face. This is most pronounced
in the carvings of the Puget Sound region (fig. 300 and Plate XIV).
[Illustration: Fig. 300. House posts, Lower Fraser River.]
On Puget Sound animal representations are used with great frequency in
basketry, particularly as ornamental borders. In ancient times they
were also applied to hats (fig. 301, see also fig. 72 p. 78). This
style seems to be entirely missing in the north.
[Illustration: PLATE XIII.
House Post near Eburne, Fraser River Delta, British Columbia.]
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