Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
Decorative art is most highly developed in basketry. The basketry
of the Coast tribes is made by twining or weaving, but the highly
decorated basketry of the interior is exclusively of the coiled type.
Only among the Sahaptin and other tribes to the southeast do we find
elaborately decorated twined bags. The twined weaving of the interior
of British Columbia is largely undecorated or bears a few lines set
off in lighter color. The coiled weaving is decorated by imbrication,
a method peculiar to that part of the plateaus extending from the
Columbia River to Chilcotin (fig. 308). In this area a number of
decorative art styles have developed. These appear most clearly on the
burden baskets. The southern baskets are round and flaring, those of
southern British Columbia are angular in cross section, those of the
north oblong and of irregular form. The southern baskets are decorated
all over with designs resembling Californian patterns. Those of
the Thompson River have design areas set off against an undecorated
background. The designs are made by imbrication and extend over the
whole side of the basket, evenly on all sides. The Lillooet baskets are
more flaring than those of the Thompson. The coils are wider and the
decorative field is arranged in a different manner. The imbrication is
confined to the upper two-thirds of the basket while the lower part
remains undecorated, except that there are frequently two hangers
on the wide sides which may be compared to the hangers on Tlingit
baskets, described before. I am doubtful whether there is an historical
connection between the two, notwithstanding their striking similarity.
The Indians suggest that the hangers may have developed from the
earlier use of birch bark baskets. These were often wrapped at the
upper part with buckskin the lower portion of which hung down freely in
fringes, so that the droppers would represent the fringes. Many of the
Lillooet designs are large. (Plate XV).
The Chilcotin type differs from the preceding by the small size of
the coil and a distinctive form, the narrow ends being higher than
the middle of the long sides. The treatment of the decorative field
is similar to that used by the Tlingit. The ornamentation consists
of three bands; the upper and the lower ones wide, bearing the same
kind of decorative design and the central one narrower and either
undecorated or showing a design of a different character. Arrangements
of this kind are used so frequently that is seems hardly justifiable to
consider them as proof of an historical connection between Tlingit and
Chilcotin basketry. We find similar arrangements for instance in the
pouches of the Woodland Indians referred to on p. 175, figs. 149, 150.
[Illustration: PLATE XV.
Imbricated Baskets from British Columbia and Washington.]
LITERATURE, MUSIC, AND DANCE.
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