Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
“The gray central field is itself a drum; the concentric rings around
it are rainbow symbols, and the four sets of slanting lines (yellow,
black and whitish) represent the sunshine. The green color between
these lines denotes clouds; the four following rings the rainbow, and
the external ring has no ascertainable meaning. On the other side there
is a star in the center; the black circle stands for night, the blue
color at the circumference for twilight, and the oblique red, yellow
and white lines for the sunshine.”
[Illustration: Fig. 87. Drum of the Assiniboine.]
Some Arapaho designs are interpreted as representing geographical
features or a village in its geographical environment. In the specimen
shown in (fig. 88) “the two large triangles at the end represent tents;
the center diamond two tents; between them a white stripe with black
dots in it represents a buffalo path with buffalo tracks in it. The
four red obtuse triangles along the sides are mountains; small yellow
triangles enclosed by them are tents; the double blue lines surrounding
the entire pattern represent mountain ranges. Small rectangles in this
border, colored red and yellow, represent lakes.”
Geographical interpretations are quite common among most of the Indian
tribes of the Great Plains. Mountains, caves, trees, streams, lakes,
trails, and tents are commonly symbolized in the angular forms of
their paintings and embroideries. As compared to these the association
between abstract ideas and geometric form is rather rare.
A few examples may also illustrate the explanations given by Shoshone
Indians.[50] The interpretations are largely geographic. In fig. 89
the red central rectangle represents the ground, the green background
trees. On this green ground is a lake, indicated by the blue area in
the center, the yellow line dividing the central field, is an inlet
of the lake. The obtuse blue triangle on the sides of the central
rectangle represents mountains with timber. The triangles on the short
sides are also mountains. The yellow apex is the sun shining on the
mountains, the red middle part of the triangle the ground, the green
area at the base, grass at the foot of the mountains. In the corners
we find small triangles representing sand and over them the yellow sun
light.
[50] These are taken from observations by H. H. St. Clair at Wind River
Reservation. Lowie did not succeed in obtaining any explanations at the
Lemhi Agency, Idaho.
[Illustration: Fig. 88. Rawhide bag, Arapaho.]
[Illustration: Fig. 89. Design from parfleche, Shoshone.]
On a second Shoshone parfleche obtuse triangles in the central
rectangle and smaller triangles in the longitudinal borderstrips
represent mountains, a red line in the center stands for a river, and
right angle triangles are tipis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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