Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
Among none of these tribes do we find any indication of the existence
of more realistic forms from which the conventional triangle might
have been derived. The realistic forms of the western tribes are almost
exclusively crudely pictographic and no transition from the pictograph
to ornamental, geometric patterns can be traced. The realistic forms
of the eastern tribes are found particularly in mattings and weaving.
These also show no relation to the triangular forms that we are
discussing. The theory that the pattern has developed under the stress
of a compelling style that cast a variety of realistic forms into the
same mould does not find support in the facts, because transitional
forms are lacking. We conclude, therefore, that the sameness of
form and the difference of meaning are not due to a geometrisation
of realistic forms but to a reading in of significance into old
conventional patterns. This view is corroborated by the prevailing
uncertainty in regard to many of the meanings. The Blackfeet, according
to Clark Wissler,[69] have practically no feeling whatever for the
significance of these designs. The Arapaho behave somewhat differently
on different occasions. Ceremonial paraphernalia may have fairly
definite meaning, while clothing, bags and other objects are given
interpretations that are quite subjective and which show therefore
great individual differences.
[69] Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 18, p.
276.
The importance of the social position, or perhaps better, of the social
interests of the owner of an object, in determining the meaning of
ornaments has been demonstrated most clearly among the Sioux Indians.
In former times their ornamentation was made in porcupine quill
embroidery, but at present beads have taken place of the quills. Men
and women use to a considerable extent the same ornamental designs, but
with distinctive meaning. A diamond-shaped pattern with attached double
triangular appendages, when found on a cradle, or a woman’s legging, is
interpreted as a turtle, the turtle being a symbol closely associated
with birth and maturity of the woman. When found on a man’s legging it
represents a slain enemy.[70]
[70] Clark Wissler, Decorative Art of the Sioux Indians, Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., Vol. 18, pp. 253, 273.
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