Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
When we study the significance of the pattern we find the greatest
possible divergence of meaning. As pointed out before, different
individuals in one tribe, do not all assign to it the same meaning, but
more or less decided tendencies to certain interpretations are found
in each tribe. The design is sometimes drawn steeply and the sides of
the triangle extend slightly beyond the apex. Thus the form of a tent
with tent poles, doorway and pegs for pinning down the tent cover is
expressed. At other times the triangle is more obtuse and represents a
hill. It may be placed on a white background which signifies snow or
sand; blue lines extending downward from the base indicate springs of
water and small triangles may be placed in the inner triangle. Thus
it becomes the mythical mountain in which, at the beginning of time,
the buffaloes were kept and which is located on a snowcovered plain. On
the slopes of the mountain grow trees. Again, quite different, is the
interpretation given by the Pueblo Indians. In their arid country the
greatest need is rain without which their crops wither and starvation
stares at the people. The communal life centers around the idea of
fertility to be attained by an abundance of rain. Accordingly they
interpret the symbol as a cloud from which the rain falls. Since their
art is far less angular in style than that of the Plains Indians, they
often substitute a semicircle for the triangle and attain a greater
realistic resemblance to clouds by superimposing three of these
semicircles, from which flow down the rain lines. When we turn to the
western plateaus, we find among the Shoshone the regular design of the
obtuse triangle applied and explained on the basis of geographical
features; it suggests to them mountain-passes and a fort protected by
palisades. Further to the north we do not find the enclosed rectangle,
but the triangle and the spurs at the base persist. These are explained
as paws of a bear, the triangle being the sole of the foot, the spurs
the claws. In the eastern woodlands new developments occur. The
triangle now is exceedingly narrow, so that there is no room for the
enclosed rectangle which is reduced to a triangle. The sides of the
triangle are produced beyond the apex, even more so than among the
Sioux Indians, and a considerable number of almost straight vertical
lines are added to the sides. The form bears now a certain resemblance
to a fish tail and is so interpreted. Still more curious are the
developments in New England. The triangle and the enclosed rectangle
are still unmistakably present, although curved lines, characteristic
of eastern American art, are added on. The interpretation has changed
again. The pattern is a symbol of the town or of the tribe and its
chief.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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