This task—not very easy because alien to my own present work—has been lightened by the help of many friends. Professor Dörpfeld has found time while excavating at Pergamos to go over my proofs and to assure me that his views are correctly represented. The German Archaeological Institute has generously placed at my disposal the whole of their official publications, from which my illustrations are mainly drawn. The like facilities in the matter of the Acropolis excavations have been kindly accorded me by Dr Kabbadias. Other sources are noted in their place. In the matter of re-drawing, in restorations and the modification of plans I have again to thank Mrs Hugh Stewart for much difficult and delicate work, work which could only be done by one who is archaeologist as well as artist. My debt, by now habitual, to Dr Verrall will appear throughout the book. Mr Gilbert Murray has written for me the Critical Note and has made many fruitful suggestions. Mr F. M. Cornford has helped me throughout, and has revised the whole of my proofs. And last, for any degree of accuracy that may have been attained in the printing, I am indebted to the skill and care of the University Press. JANE ELLEN HARRISON. NEWNHAM COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. _18 January, 1906._ TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTORY. pp. 1-4 CHAPTER I. THE ANCIENT CITY, ITS CHARACTER AND LIMITS. Account of Thucydides. Its incidental character and its object. The scattered _burghs_. The _Synoikismos_. The definition of the ancient city. The fourfold evidence of its small size. The ancient city was the Acropolis of the times of Thucydides with an _addendum_ ‘towards about South.’ Excavation of the plateau of the Acropolis confirms the statement of Thucydides. Natural features of the Acropolis. The ‘Pelasgic’ circuit wall. Analogy with other ‘Mycenaean’ _burghs_ or fortified hills. Evidence of excavations North of the Erechtheion and South of the Parthenon. Mythical master-builders. Giants and Kyklopes. Pela_s_goi and Pela_r_goi. The storks of the _poros_ pediment. Pela_s_gikon and Pela_r_gikon. The _addendum_ to the South. The Enneapylai and the approach to the citadel. pp. 5-36 CHAPTER II. THE SANCTUARIES IN THE CITADEL. The sanctuaries of the ‘other deities.’ The later Erechtheion built to enclose a complex of cults. Prof. Dörpfeld’s elucidation of its plan. The hero-tomb of Kekrops. Kekrops and the Kekropidae. The hero-snake. The snakes of the _poros_ pediment of the Hecatompedon. The Pandroseion. Pandrosos. The ‘Maidens.’ The _semeia_. The sacred olive. The ‘sea.’ The trident-mark. Its primitive significance and connection with Poseidon. Poseidon and Erechtheus. Athena. Herakles. pp. 37-65