Primitive Athens as described by ThucydidesHarrison, Jane Ellen
History
Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides
Harrison, Jane Ellen
Athens (Greece) -- Antiquities; Athens (Greece) -- Description and travel
The inscription[232] above the figure is unfortunately
so effaced that no facts emerge save that the dedicator, the man who
holds the leg, was the son of a certain Lysimachos, and was of the
deme Acharnae. The style of the letters and of the sculpture dates the
monument as of about the first half of the 4th century B.C. It was clear
enough that the excavators had come on the precinct of a god of healing,
and a few decades ago the precinct would have been labelled without more
ado as ‘sacred to Asklepios.’ We should then have been left with the
curious problem, Why had Asklepios two precincts, one on the South, one
on the West? We know that Asklepios made his triumphant entry into the
great precinct on the South slope in 421 B.C.; if he had had a precinct
on the West slope since the days of Peisistratos, why did he leave it?
[Illustration: FIG. 31.]
[Illustration: FIG. 32.]
But now-a-days in the matter of ascription we proceed more cautiously.
We know that votive-reliefs of the ‘Asklepios’ type are offered to
almost any local hero, that local heroes anywhere and everywhere are
hero-healers[233]. Hence local hero-healers were gradually absorbed and
effaced by the most successful of their number, Asklepios. In literature
we hear little of the hero-cult of an Amphiaraos, but his local shrine
went on down to late days at Oropus. Fortunately in our precinct we have
inscriptions that leave us no doubt. On a stele[234] (Fig. 32) found
there we have an inscription as follows: ‘Mnesiptolemè on behalf of
Dikaiophanes dedicated (this) to Asklepios Amynos.’
At first we seem no further; we have the familiar Asklepios
worshipped under the title of Amynos, Protector, Defender. A second
inscription[235], however, makes it certain that _Amynos_ is not merely
an adjective attached to Asklepios, but the cultus title of a person
separate from Asklepios. This inscription, of the latter half of the 4th
century B.C., is in honour of certain persons who had been benefactors of
the _thiasos_ (ὀργεῶνες) of _Amynos and of Asklepios and of Dexion_. We
know who Dexion was; he was Sophocles, heroized, and he, the mortal, came
last on the list. Sophocles had a shrine apart, or it may be a separate
shrine within the larger one. The same inscription[236] goes on to order
that the honorary decree was to be ‘engraved on two stone stelae, and
these to be set up, the one in the sanctuary of Dexion, the other in that
of Amynos and Asklepios.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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