Primitive Athens as described by ThucydidesHarrison, Jane Ellen
History
Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides
Harrison, Jane Ellen
Athens (Greece) -- Antiquities; Athens (Greece) -- Description and travel
In the deme of Diomeia was a gymnasium and a sanctuary of Herakles, both
known as _Kynosarges_, and from Herodotus[301] we know in what direction
this Kynosarges lay. After Marathon the Persian fleet rounded Sunium with
a view to landing at Phalerum, then the port of Athens. Phalerum, of
course, lies almost due South of Athens. The Athenians hurry back from
Marathon with all speed to protect the city. They leave the Herakleion at
Marathon where they had encamped, and ‘take up their station in another
Herakleion, that in Kynosarges’—Kynosarges, and with it Diomeia, must
therefore lie in or command the direct road between Phalerum and Athens.
Pausanias[302] visited Kynosarges and referred to the story of ‘the white
dog’ immediately after the low-lying district of the ‘Gardens’ on the
Ilissus before he visited the stadium.
The Herakleion of Kynosarges has shown us the direction in which Diomeia
lay. Diomeia, we have seen, was colonized from Melite. We naturally ask,
Was the Herakleion one of the duplicate sanctuaries? In other words, Was
there a worship of Herakles in Melite?
In the _Frogs_—a play be it remembered performed at the Lenaia, a
festival held originally (p. 88) in the Limnae just below the hill
district of Melite—Xanthias is dressing up as Herakles; he says to
Dionysos, as he is putting on the lion-skin,
‘Now watch if Xanthias-Herakles turns faint,
Or shows the same presence of mind as you’;
and Dionysos answers
‘The real old jail-bird, him from Melite.’
The careful scholiast[303] notes it was not usual to speak of a god as
‘from’ a place. The Melitean Herakles would normally be described as
Herakles ‘in’ or ‘at Melite’; it was treating Herakles as a mere mortal
to say Herakles from Melite. But does not the ‘from’ possibly mark an
added joke? Are not the baggage and the donkey and the ‘from’ all put
in to parody the real ‘flitting’ of Herakles from Melite to Diomeia?
That flitting was already accomplished in the time of Aristophanes, for,
later on in the play[304], when Aeacus is beating Xanthias-Herakles, and
Xanthias utters an involuntary ‘whe-ew,’ Aeacus asks if he is hurt, and
Xanthias recovering himself says,
‘No; I was just thinking,
When my Diomean Feast would next be due.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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