Primitive Time-reckoning: A study in the origins and first development of the art of counting time among the primitive and early culture peoplesNilsson, Martin P. (Martin Persson)
History
Primitive Time-reckoning: A study in the origins and first development of the art of counting time among the primitive and early culture peoples
Nilsson, Martin P. (Martin Persson)
Chronology
Far greater knowledge is possessed by the Hottentots, who know the
planets accurately. Venus is ‘the Fore-runner of the sun’, or the
star at whose rising men run away (i. e. from illicit intercourse),
Mercury ‘the Dawn-star’, or the star that comes when the udders of
the cows (which are milked morning and evening) are filled again:
as an evening star he is not observed. Venus as an evening star is
recognised to be the same celestial body as the morning star, and
is called ‘the Evening Fugitive’, since it does not remain long in
the sky. Jupiter is known, but is sometimes identified with Venus;
when however he is seen in ‘the middle of the sky’ he is called
‘the Middle Star’. The six stars of the belt and sword of Orion are
grouped together as ‘the Zebras’: δ, ε, ζ are three fugitive zebras
against the middle one of which the hunter ι shoots his arrow θ
and _c_. The Pleiades, on account of their thick cluster of stars,
are called by a name derived from a verb meaning ‘assemble’, or
are otherwise known as ‘the Rime-star’. The Milky Way is called
‘(glowing) Embers’, the Magellanic Clouds ‘Embers’ in the dual. Of
single fixed stars our author heard only Sirius called by a name,
‘the Side-star’[516]. The Bushmen divide the stars into night-stars
and dawn-stars: of the latter they relate very fine and complicated
myths, such as that of the connexion between ‘the Dawn’s Heart’
(Jupiter) and a neighbouring star, his daughter (Regulus or α
_leonis_). Achernar is ‘the Star-digging-stick’s-stone’, or ‘the
Digging-stick’s-stone of Canopus’; the Pointers to the Southern Cross
are three male lions; α, β, γ _crucis_ are lionesses; Aldebaran is
a male hartebeest, α Orion is a female hartebeest, Procyon a male
eland, Castor and Pollux his wives, the Magellanic Clouds a steinbok,
Orion’s sword three male tortoises hung upon a stick, his belt three
female tortoises so hung[517].
The Toda of S. India know the Pleiades, Orion’s sword (‘the
Porcupine-star’), the Great Bear, and Sirius, and relate about them
myths which are probably borrowed from the neighbouring Badaga[518].
The pagans of the Malay Peninsula know the evening and the morning
stars, and the stars of the astrological seasons (_sic!_), or the
Pleiades[519]. In the Indian Archipelago the observation of the
Pleiades as a sign of the arrival of the season for sowing is very
common. Of the Kayan of Borneo it is stated that though they do not
observe the stars or their movements for practical purposes, they
are familiar with the principal constellations, and have fanciful
names for them and relate mythical stories about the personages they
are supposed to represent. The Klementan call Pegasus ‘the padi
store-house’, the Pleiades are ‘a well’, the constellation to which
Aldebaran belongs is ‘a pig’s jaw’, Orion is a man whose left arm is
missing[520].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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