the pagan races of the Malay Peninsula words are given for the new moon, the crescent of the moon, the half-moon, the end of the waning moon, no moon[676]. The Bontoc Igorot of Luzon describe three phases between full moon and the waning moon, and three between new moon and full moon, eight altogether therefore, and have special names for them, but rarely make use of them in time-reckoning[677]. The Nabaloi have other words for the same phases, and also one for the moon showing a rim of light[678]. The natives of New Britain (Bismarck Archipelago) observed the phases of the moon (_kalang_), and had separate terms for them, e. g. ‘moon not visible’, ‘first quarter of the moon (_sic!_)’, ‘nearly full moon’ (in which they hunted for the land-crabs), full moon, ‘beginning to wane’, ‘moon when seen in the morning’, etc. They also measured time between sunset and moon-rise by the ‘smouldering of a torch’, the time occupied in cooking yams, taro, and wild taro[679]. In Buin the crescent as it becomes visible is first called _rubui_, ‘the pupil (of the eye) is dead’, since the whole moon is often to be seen as a dark disc when the crescent is first formed. Later they say _motoguba_, ‘a hook is made’. Still later, _nobele_, ‘a piece’, ‘a bit’. When the moon’s disc is full, _mairen_, ‘it is ripe’ or ‘old’, and _roukeu_, ‘it is equal’, i. e. full. When the moon begins to wane, it is called _ingom_, ‘puffed out’. The ‘puffing out’ becomes weaker, and now the moon will die, _ekio buagi_. Throughout the period of the waning moon the expression used is _buan-gubio-eiraubi_, ‘it is on the point of passing away to die’. During the period of the waxing moon they say _(ekio) duabegubi-eiraubi_, ‘(the moon) is about to pass away to the sun(light)-making’. During the time of new moon they say _mamarabui_, ‘the great kobold is dead’, or _ekio buaguro_, ‘the moon is dead’. When it appears again they say _ekio rukui_, ‘the moon again makes pupils’, i. e. is in the sky. From the appearance of the moon until the time of new moon they reckon 25 days. The number however is not always the same, but is variously given as 30-31 days or sometimes as only 15. It must be supposed that thick clouds often hinder the observation. The natives count from the rising of the moon[680]. Of the tribes of the Torres Straits we are told:--In Mabuiag the following descriptions of the phases of the moon are used:--_dang mulpal_, ‘tooth-moon’, since the crescent at its first appearance is described as unmarried: a little later the moon is called _kisai_, and termed young. The half-moon is _ipi laig_, ‘married person’; the moon in the third quarter is described as _kazi laig_, ‘person with child’, and is regarded as having one child, i. e. presumably as being pregnant; the full moon is _badi_, which is said to mean ‘big one married’. In Mer the crescent of the moon when first observed was called _aketi meb_, the moon in the first quarter was _meb digemli_,