The mineral phosphate should be dissolved in hydrochloric acid and
the solution made up to such a volume as shall contain in each fifty
cubic centimeters, one gram of the original substance. This quantity
of the solution is diluted with two or three times its volume of
water to which a drop of methyl orange solution (1-100) is added, and
ammonia added with constant stirring until the solution is just colored
and still reacts slightly acid. Without taking any account of the
precipitate which is produced by this approximate neutralization of
the solution, there are added fifty cubic centimeters of acid ammonium
acetate which in one liter contains 250 grams of commercial ammonium
acetate. The acidity of the solution is due to an excess of acetic in
the commercial salt. The temperature is then carried to 70° and the
precipitate produced immediately separated by filtration, washed four
times with water below 70°, and again dissolved in dilute hydrochloric
acid. The dissolved precipitate is treated with ten cubic centimeters
of a ten per cent ammonium phosphate solution and again almost
neutralized as described above, twenty-five cubic centimeters of the
ammonium acetate solution added and warmed to 70°.
The precipitate obtained is once more dissolved and precipitated as
above described, and is then collected upon a filter, washed, ignited,
and weighed. The residue after ignition is dissolved in the crucible by
heating with a little concentrated hydrochloric acid, and washed into a
beaker. Any silicic acid present is separated by filtration, ignited,
and weighed, and subtracted from the total weight of the precipitate.
To the filtrate is added ammonia to diminish the acidity, but not
sufficient to produce a precipitate and the clear solution is treated
with thirty cubic centimeters of the ordinary ammoniacal citrate
solution and fifteen cubic centimeters of magnesium mixture, and the
precipitation of the ammonium magnesium phosphate hastened by stirring
with a glass rod.
It is advisable to always make the filtrate from the third
precipitation slightly ammoniacal and to boil it for a long time.
If the operation have been carried on correctly, there occurs only
a slight precipitate of Ca₃P₂O₈ amounting only to a few milligrams.
In some cases it may be necessary to dissolve the precipitate and
reprecipitate the iron and aluminum phosphates a fourth time.
The whole time required for the triple precipitation, according to
Hess, if all the operations be properly conducted, is from three to
four hours. It is therefore possible by this variation of the acetate
method to secure a determination of the iron and alumina as phosphates
in the same time which is occupied by the Glaser-Jones method when the
separation of lime is taken into account.
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