The result of this determination is that it renders possible the
correction which it is necessary to make by subtracting the quantity
used in the blank titration from the preceding result in order to
obtain the exact strength of the uranium solution.
The operation is carried on as follows: In a flat-bottomed flask of
about 150 cubic centimeters capacity and marked at seventy-five cubic
centimeters, by means of a pipette, are placed five cubic centimeters
of the solution of sodium acetate; some hot distilled water is added
until the flask is filled to the mark, and it is then placed upon a
sand-bath and heated to the boiling-point. It is taken from the fire,
the volume made up to seventy-five cubic centimeters with a little hot
distilled water, and one or two drops of the solution of uranium are
allowed to flow into the flask from a graduated burette previously
filled exactly to zero. After each drop of the solution of uranium
the flask is shaken and the liquid tried upon a drop of potassium
ferrocyanid, as has been previously indicated. For a skilled eye, four
to six drops are generally necessary to obtain the characteristic
coloration; that is from two-tenths to three-tenths of a cubic
centimeter. Beginners often use from five-tenths to six-tenths, and
sometimes even more.
The sole important point is to arrest the operation as soon as the
reddish tint is surely seen, for afterwards the intensity of the
coloration does not increase proportionally to the quantity of liquor
employed.
It is well to note that at the end of some time the coloration becomes
more intense than at the moment when the solutions are mixed, so that
care must be taken not to pass the saturation-point. This slowness of
the reaction is the more marked as there is more sodium or ammonium
acetate in the standard solutions. This is the reason that it is
important to introduce always the same quantity; namely, five cubic
centimeters. This is also the reason why the uranium acetate should
not be employed in preparing the standard solution of uranium which
ought to contain the least possible amount of acetate in order that
the necessary quantity which is carried into each test should be as
small as possible and remain without appreciable influence. If it
were otherwise, the sensibility of the reaction would be diminished
in proportion as a larger quantity of uranium solution was employed,
giving rise to errors which would be as much more important as the
quantities of phosphoric acid to be determined were greater. The
correction for the uranium solution having been determined it is
written upon the label of the bottle containing it.
_Causes of Errors._—In the work which has just been described, some
causes of error may occur to which the attention of analysts should be
called.
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