V. FUR DRESSING: TANNING METHODS 45 Nature of the tanning process. Chief tanning methods. Comparison of the tanning methods. Effect of dyeing operations on the dressing. VI. FUR DRESSING: DRYING AND FINISHING 71 Importance of the drying process. Methods of drying. A modern type of drying device. Oiling. Staking or stretching. Beating and combing. Drum-cleaning. Unhairing and shearing. VII. WATER IN FUR DRESSING AND DYEING 85 Importance of water in dressing and dyeing. Water suitable for dressing and dyeing. Soft water and hard water. Effects of hardness in water. VIII. FUR DYEING: INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL 90 Purposes of fur dyeing. Improvement of furs faulty in color. Production of a uniform shade on furs. Dyeing furs to obtain novel effects. Imitation of valuable furs on cheaper skins. Difficulties due to the hair. Difficulties due to the leather. IX. FUR DYEING: GENERAL METHODS 98 Two methods of dyeing furs. Development of the dyeing methods. The brush process. The dip process. Blending. Drying and finishing the dyed furs. X. FUR DYEING: KILLING THE FURS 106 Nature of the killing process. Old killing formulas. Modern killing agents. Procedure of killing. Killing with soda. Killing with lime. Killing with caustic soda. XI. FUR DYEING: MORDANTS 114 Nature of mordanting. Purposes of mordanting. Theory of mordants. Procedure of mordanting. Aluminum mordants. Iron mordants. Copper mordants. Chromium mordants. Tin mordants. Alkaline mordants. XII. FUR DYEING: MINERAL COLORS USED ON FURS 125 Mineral chemicals as fur dyes. Lead dyes. Potassium permanganate as a dye. Other mineral dyes. XIII. FUR DYEING: VEGETABLE DYES 128 Wood dyes. Old dye formulas. The vegetable dye materials. The tannin substances. Logwood. Fustic. Brazilwood. Other vegetable dyes. Characteristics of the wood dyes. Application of the vegetable dyes. Application by the brush process. Application by the dip process. Production of shades other than black. XIV. FUR DYEING: ANILINE BLACK 144 Dyeing of seal. Nature and history of Aniline Black. Chemistry of the Aniline Black process. Three stages in the formation of Aniline Black. Methods of applying Aniline Black. One-bath Aniline Black. Oxidation Aniline Black. Diphenyl Black. Aniline Black by Green’s process. Aniline Black by the dip method.