Produced by Julia Miller, Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) +----------------------------------------------------+ | Transcribers note: | | There are a very large number of words in the text | | which occur joined, hyphenated and spaced with | | similar frequencies. No attempt has been made to | | assure consistency as this would mean revising the | | whole book. | | | | This version of e-text includes characters that | | require UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding. | +----------------------------------------------------+ PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY. [Illustration: VIEW OF THE TEMPLE OF SERAPIS AT PUZZUOLI IN 1836.] PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY; OR, THE MODERN CHANGES OF THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS CONSIDERED AS ILLUSTRATIVE OF GEOLOGY. BY SIR CHARLES LYELL, M.A. F.R.S. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; AUTHOR OF "A MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY GEOLOGY," "TRAVELS IN NORTH AMERICA," "A SECOND VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES," ETC. ETC. NEW AND ENTIRELY REVISED EDITION. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, PLATES, AND WOODCUTS. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 346 & 348 BROADWAY. M.DCCC.LIV. "Verè scire est per causas scire."--BACON. "The stony rocks are not primeval, but the daughters of Time."--LINNÆUS, _Syst. Nat._ ed. 5, _Stockholm_, 1748, p. 219. "Amid all the revolutions of the globe, the economy of nature has been uniform, and her laws are the only things that have resisted the general movement. The rivers and the rocks, the seas and the continents have been changed in all their parts; but the laws which direct those changes, and the rules to which they are subject, have remained invariably the same."--PLAYFAIR, _Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory_, § 374. "The inhabitants of the globe, like all the other parts of it, are subject to change. It is not only the individual that perishes, but whole species. "A change in the animal kingdom seems to be a part of the order of Nature, and is visible in instances to which human power cannot have extended."--PLAYFAIR, _Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory_, § 413. PREFACE TO THE NINTH EDITION.