Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
Form, we have seen, is, through our selection among the possible
signs present, within certain limits what we like to make it.
As it varies, so do our further or deeper responses of feeling
and attitude vary. But just as there are congruences and compatibilities
among the responses we make, in the case of colour, which tend,
given certain colours, to make us pick out of a range of possible
colours one which will give us a congruent (or harmonious) response,
so it is with form. Out of the multitude of different forms which
we might construct by stressing certain of the signs rather than
others, the fixing even temporarily of a part of the form tends
to bias us towards so interpreting the rest as to yield responses
accordant with those already active. Hence a great reduction
of the disparity of the interpretations which arise, hence also
the danger of an initial misapprehension which perverts the rest
of the interpretation.
This Chapter, like the last, is intended as an indication, merely,
of the ways in which a psychological analysis may assist the
critic and help to remove misconceptions. The usual practice
of alluding to Form as though it were a simple unanalysable virtue
of objects—a procedure most discouraging to those who like to
know what they are doing, and thus very detrimental to general
appreciation—will lapse when a better understanding of the situation
becomes general. None the less there are certain very puzzling
facts as to the effects of forms when apprehended which in part
explain this way of talking. These are perhaps best considered
in connection with Music, the most purely formal of the arts.
[54] This remark applies equally strongly to the attempts which
are from time to time made to find formulæ for the proportions
of buildings. No one with an adequate idea of the complexity
of the factors which determine our responses is likely to attach
great importance to these investigations, interesting though
they are. The interpretation of the results is not within sight
of even the most optimistic of psychologists.
CHAPTER XX
The _Impasse_ of Musical Theory
Will twenty chapters render plain
Those lonely lights that still remain
Just breaking over land and main?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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