Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
The unpredicable and miraculous differences, then, in the total
responses which slight changes in the arrangement of stimuli
produce, can be fully accounted for in terms of the sensitiveness
of the nervous system; and the mysteries of ‘forms’ are merely
a consequence of our present ignorance of the detail of its action.
We have spoken above of the ‘elements’ of a form, but in fact
we do not yet know which these are. Any musical sound, for example,
is plainly complex, though how complex it is from the point of
view of its musical effects is still very uncertain. It has pitch,
it has _timbre_, the characters which change as it is played
upon one kind of instrument or another, the characters which
are sometimes called its colour. Its effects also vary with its
loudness and with its volume. It may be far more complex still.
Its relations again to other musical sounds may be of at least
three kinds: pitch relations, harmonic relations and temporal
relations, complicated, all of them, in the utmost degree by
Rhythm. Possibly other relations still are involved. There would
be no advantage here in entering into the detail of the analysis
of these qualities and relations. The one point of importance
for our present purpose is the immense scope for the resolution,
interinanimation, conflict and equilibrium of impulses opened
up by this extraordinary complexity of musical sounds and of
their possible arrangement. It is not in the least surprising
that so few invariable correspondences between stimuli and total
responses have as yet been discovered.
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