Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
“Poetry, like life, is one thing. . . . Essentially a continuous
substance or energy, poetry is historically a connected movement,
a series of successive integrated manifestations. Each poet,
from Homer or the predecessors of Homer to our own day, has been,
to some degree and at some point, the voice of the movement and
energy of poetry; in him, poetry has for the moment become visible,
audible, incarnate; and his extant poems are the record left
of that partial and transitory incarnation. . . . The progress
of poetry, with its vast power and exalted function, is immortal.”[9]
A diligent search will still find many other Mystic Beings, for
the most part of a less august nature, sheltering in verbal thickets.
Construction, Design, Form, Rhythm, Expression . . . are more
often than not mere _vacua_ in discourse, for which a theory
of criticism should provide explainable substitutes.
While current attitudes to language persist, this difficulty
of the linguistic phantom must still continue. It has to be recognised
that all our natural turns of speech are misleading, especially
those we use in discussing works of art. We become so accustomed
to them that even when we are aware that they are ellipses, it
is easy to forget the fact. And it has been extremely difficult
in many cases to discover that any ellipsis is present. We are
accustomed to say that a picture is beautiful, instead of saying
that it causes an experience in us which is valuable in certain
ways.[10] The discovery that the remark, “This is beautiful”,
must be turned round and expanded in this way before it is anything
but a mere noise signalling the fact that we approve of the picture,
was a great and difficult achievement. Even to-day, such is the
insidious power of grammatical forms, the belief that there is
such a quality or attribute, namely Beauty, which attaches to
the things which we rightly call beautiful, is probably inevitable
for all reflective persons at a certain stage of their mental
development.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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