Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
(iii) A narrower sense is that in which sympathetic reproducing
of other people’s states of mind, particularly their
emotional states, is what is meant. “You haven’t enough
imagination,” the dramatist says to the critic who
thinks that his persons behave unnaturally. This kind of
imagination is plainly a necessity for communication, and
is covered by what has already been said in Chapter XXIV.
It has no necessary connection with senses of imagination
which imply value. Bad plays to be successful require it as
much as good.
(iv) Inventiveness, the bringing together of elements which are
not ordinarily connected, is another sense. According to
this Edison is said to have possessed imagination, and any
fantastic romance will show it _in excelsis_. Although
this comes nearer to a sense in which value is implied, it
is still too general. The lunatic will beat any of us at
combining odd ideas: Dr Cook outstrips Peary, and Bottomley
outshines Sir John Bradbury.
(v) Next we have that kind of relevant connection of things
ordinarily thought of as disparate which is exemplified in
scientific imagination. This is an ordering of experience
in definite ways and for a definite end or purpose, not
necessarily deliberate and conscious, but limited to a
given field of phenomena. The _technical_ triumphs of the
arts are instances of this kind of imagination. As with
all ordering, value considerations are very likely to be
implied, but the value may be limited or conditional.
(vi) Finally we come to the sense of imagination with which we
are here most concerned. The original formulation[79] was
Coleridge’s greatest contribution to critical theory, and
except in the way of interpretation, it is hard to add
anything to what he has said, though, as we have already
noted in Chapter XXIV, some things might be taken away from
it with advantage.
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