Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
Another doubt has been expressed. Mr. Eliot repeats himself in
two ways. The nightingale, Cleopatra’s barge, the rats, and the
smoky candle-end, recur and recur. Is this a sign of a poverty
of inspiration? A more plausible explanation is that this repetition
is in part a consequence of the technique above described, and
in part something which many writers who are not accused of poverty
also show. Shelley, with his rivers, towers, and stars, Conrad,
Hardy, Walt Whitman, and Dostoevski spring to mind. When a writer
has found a theme or image which fixes a point of relative stability
in the drift of experience, it is not to be expected that he
will avoid it. Such themes are a means of orientation. And it
is quite true that the central process in all Mr. Eliot’s best
poems is the same; the conjunction of feelings which, though
superficially opposed,—as squalor, for example, is opposed to
grandeur,—yet tend as they develop to change places and even
to unite. If they do not develop far enough the intention of
the poet is missed. Mr. Eliot is neither sighing after vanished
glories nor holding contemporary experience up to scorn.
Both bitterness and desolation are superficial aspects of his
poetry. There are those who think that he merely takes his readers
into the Waste Land and leaves them there, that in his last poem
he confesses his impotence to release the healing waters. The
reply is that some readers find in his poetry not only a clearer,
fuller realisation of their plight, the plight of a whole generation,
than they find elsewhere, but also through the very energies
set free in that realisation a return of the saving passion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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