Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
Nor is it always the case that the movement takes its cue from
the sense. It is often a commentary on the sense and sometimes
may qualify it, as when the resistless strength of Coriolanus
in battle is given an appearance of dreadful ease by the leisureliness
of the description,
Death, that dark spirit, in’s nervy arm doth lie
Which being advanc’d declines, and then men die.
Movement in poetry deserves at least as much study as onomatopœia.
This account, of course, by no means covers all the ways by which
metre takes effect in poetry. The fact that we appropriately
use such words as ‘lulling’, ‘stirring’, ‘solemn’, ‘pensive’,
‘gay’ in describing metres is an indication of their power more
directly to control emotion. But the more general effects are
more important. Through its very appearance of artificiality
metre produces in the highest degree the ‘frame’ effect, isolating
the poetic experience from the accidents and irrelevancies of
everyday existence. We have seen in Chapter X how necessary this
isolation is and how easily it may be mistaken for a difference
in kind. Much which in prose would be too personal or too insistent,
which might awaken irrelevant conjectures or might ‘overstep
itself’ is managed without disaster in verse. There are, it is
true, equivalent resources in prose—irony, for example, very
frequently has this effect—but their scope is far more limited.
Metre for the most difficult and most delicate utterances is
the all but inevitable means.
[49] _Works_, II, 171.
[50] It is worth remarking that any application of critical principles
must be indirect. They are not any the less useful because this
is so. Misunderstanding on this point has often led artists to
accuse critics of wishing to make art a matter of rules, and
their objection to any such attempt is entirely justified.
CHAPTER XVIII
On Looking at a Picture
Hived in our bosoms like the bag o’ the bee,
Think’st thou the honey with those objects grew?
_Don Juan_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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