Moral Sentiments (1768), has been as one-sided in reducing everything to “sympathy,” as he has been in his Wealth of Nations in reducing everything to “self-interest;” but not without the consciousness, that to explain the reality, it is necessary to take both into consideration (_Buckle_). It would, indeed, be just as preposterous to base economy on self-interest alone, as to base marriage merely on the sexual appetite. Recently, _Hermann_, Staatswirthschaftliche Untersuchungen, 1st ed., part 1st, discovers in self-interest, and in the feeling for the common good, the two springs of all economy. He would even base the so-called theoretic Political Economy, on the study of self-interest, its practice in that of the common good. _M. Chevalier_, Cours d’Economie politique, 1844, II, 412 ff., understands something very like this by the contrast between liberty and centralization. The _antagonisme_ and _association_ of _Bazard_, Exposition de la Doctrine de Saint Simon (1829), p. 144 ff. Closer investigation will show, however, that self-interest, which must not be confounded with egotism, and the common interest, are neither coördinate nor exhaustive opposites. Compare the beautiful contrast drawn by _Goethe_ (Pocket edition of 1833, vol. 46, 97), between “Pietät” and “Egoisterei.” _ 112 Paul_, I. Corinth. 12, gives the most beautiful model description of a social organism. Compare, however, the fable of Menenius Agrippa in _Livy_, II, 32. 113 Excellent beginnings of a general theory of economies in common in _Schäffle_, N. Œkonomie, II, Aufl., 62 ff., 331 ff. 114 The French and English, with their strong political bias, use the expressions respectively _economie politique_ and Political Economy. In Germany, where the terms the people (_Volk_) and the state (_Staat_) are much less nearly coextensive, the words _Volkswirthschaft_ and _Nationalökonomie_ are preferred. But even _Hufeland_, who first gave currency to the term _Volkswirthschaft_ (Grundlegung, I, 14), called attention to the peculiarity “that the term economy suggests that there is one who economizes and guides, an economist in chief, and that such a one is, even according to the most correct opinion, wanting in the public economy of a people.”